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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

LIBRARY

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

GIFT OF

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DEC 111936

THE

ROD AND LINE.

London:

Spottiswoodes and Shaw,

New-street- Square.

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THE

ROD AKD LINE:

OR,

PRACTICAL HINTS AND DAINTY DEVICES

SURE TAKING OF TROUT, GRAYLING, ETC.

HEWETT WHEATLEY, ESQ.

SENIOR ANGLER.

IN FIVE PARTS.

Mine is a work of death !" — Schiller's Willimn Tell.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR

LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS,

PATERNOSTER-HOW.

1849.

k\

CONTENTS.

Page
List of Plates - - - - - 7

Introduction - - - - - 9

PART I.
Minnows and Water- Witches - - - 19

PART II.

The Grasshopper, Cabbage, and other Grubs - 45

PART III.
Beetles - - ... 71

PART rv^

Fancy Flies - -• - - - 85

PART TV. {continued).
Moths - - - - - - 107

PART V.
Salmon Fishing - - - - -121

A few Hints (for the Innocent) - - - 142

Angler's Song - - - - - 154

A 3

LIST OF PLATES.

Minnows (artificial) -

Plate I.

pa^e 21

The separate Parts of Ditto -

,,

II.

,, 26

Grasshoppers and Grubs -

„

III.

„ 57 [Ui

l.^.

Beetles

59

IV.

,. 74

Trout Flies - . . .

1»

V.

,, 91

Moths

,.

VI.

■-, 113

Salmon Flies - . - -

,,

VII.

,. 132

Ditto

55

VIII.

„ 135

Ditto - - . - .

,.

IX.

,. 138

INTRODUCTION.

Obstinacy is the vice of little minds ; Cre-
dulity , the failing of little experience ; and
Prejudice, a villanous compound of both.

" The force of Nature could no further go :
To form a third, she join'd the other two."

" Why do you persevere in using that fly,
when nothing will look at it ?" said I.

Obstinacy went on thrashing the water with
greater vigour than ever.

" Why do you persevere in using that fly ? "
said I.

" I read of its being good," said Credulity.

" W^hy do you persevere in using that fly ? "
said I.

" I hate all your new inventions," said Pre-
judice.

" No doubt," said I, and took a copious pinch
of rappee.

10 INTKODUCTION.

ObstinacT/, Credulity, and Prejudice looked
hard at me, but they could make nothing of it.

Dear, good, kind Keader ! listen to Ex-
perience. I pray thee shun the soi-disant
firmness of Obstinacy, the ready belief of
Credulity, and the unwilling mind of Preju-
dice. These are kindred spirits, who pre-
vent the progress of improvement, and make
their victims ridiculous. To the right under-
standing of even the most trifling subject, it is
necessary to bring an unbiassed mind. Yet
how often do men ask a friend's opinion, pre-
determined, at all hazards, to follow their own
notions !

Amongst my readers I may have Obstinacy,
Credulity, and Prejudice. These are not good
disciples of the gentle craft ; but if, after read-
ing my little book, they choose to make a trio
fishing party, taking Experience as their guide,
I will venture to say that Credulity will have
the heaviest basket, for I have had the advan-
tage of a long course of instruction under that
celebrated conductor, who has not objected to
correct my sheets for me.

INTRODUCTION. 1 1

My book may, in some measure, be con-
sidered a sequel to Mr. Eonalds's " Flyfisher's
Entomology." Most admirably has he fulfilled
his intentions, by producing the best work ex-
tant on the imitation of the natural fly. But as
I consider that much deserving the angler's
notice remains untold by INIr. Konalds, the
ensuing remarks are intended as a continuation
of his book; not an extension of the entomo-
logical part, but an addition to the fisherman's
means of successfully pursuing his favourite
sport. Mr. Ronalds has confined himself
wholly to nature. The angler, though generally
an enthusiastic admirer of nature, yet uses —
and with the greatest success, too — many flies
(so called) and other devices wherewith nature
has nothing whatever to do. These anomalies
are, however, found to beguile the tenants of the
stream when the charms of nature fail, — a sort
of Cayenne to a jaded appetite ; or, perhaps,
the fish are endowed with a kind of human-like
craving after novelty. It is a well-known fact,
which may be observed by carefully watching
Trout through the crevices of any wooden

12 INTRODUCTION.

bridge over a trout-stream, that they take into
their mouths many things by way of experi-
ment, which they immediately reject. I suspect
that they would, if we gave them time, very
frequently reject our artificial flies. Thirty
years' experience tells me, that Salmon, Trout,
and Grayling — the three only fish really
deserving the notice of the angler and the ap-
plication of his skill — are to be induced to
try a change of element on their constitutions,
by presenting to their notice certain inventions
which often bear no similitude to the natural
productions of either earth or water.

Considerable manual dexterity is required
to produce a good imitation of the .natural
insect, and the acquisition of this art is a
pleasant and interesting accomplishment. In
this manufacture colour must be minutely at-
tended to, for it is a demonstrated fact, that fish
rise at colour. Imitate never so closely the form
and general character of the fly at which the
fish are rising, — if the colour be wanting, you
will have no sport.

You need not, good brother of the rod, take

INTRODUCTION. 13

this on the word of an old fisherman: take
personal experience ; try the contrary, but not
too long, for an empty pannier is an unpleasing
subject for reflection at an inn. Above all
things, then, select the colour of the insects
on which the fish are feeding.

Worm, paste, and all bottom fishing which
demands stationary propensities in their slave,
I hold in utter contempt and abhorrence ; nor
would I be guilty of trying to teach any such
abominations, neither attempt to confirm the
more mature, in spite of our amiable master,
ancient Isaac.

That the "Jury of a dozen flies," written
about by our ancestors, may have condemned a
few fins to death, I cannot dispute; but I be-
lieve they were mercifully pleased to acquit
forty-nine out of every fifty that were arraigned
before them. The moderns are not so mer-
ciful.

But there are other baits besides flies, which
the angler need not scorn ; nay, I may ven-
ture to assert, by whose aid he will many a
time and oft astonish both the natives of the

14 INTRODUCTION.

earth and water, at times and seasons when
the mighty inhabitants of earth have hitherto
been obliged to admit the petty dwellers in
the stream to be their superiors in intelligence.

This, too, can be done in a sportsmanlike
and artistical manner ; for, although fly-fishing
deservedly occupies the highest place in the
Fisherman's Calendar, yet are there other
branches, without an acquaintance with which
the fly-fisher would lose many a day's sport ;
sport which requires quite as fine tackle and
quite as much skill as the most adroit user
of the fly must exercise, if he intend that
success shall wait on endeavour.

For him who sat cosily by the side of the
river watching his float, all unconscious that a
swallow had perched on the end of his rod, and
was there quietly making its toilet — for him
and his followers, I write not. The Author's
intention is to instruct the uninitiated reader
in those things which relate principally to the
fabrication and use of flies and artificial baits,
surpassed by none in their killing propensities,
and some of them hitherto unequalled. The

INTRODUCTION. 15

tyro will thus possess the means of shortening
his period of probation ; for, by adopting the
baits and rules set forth in the following
chapters, he will the sooner become an expert
catcher of fish. Even he who has already
been admitted into piscatorial mysteries may
probably here find something he knew not
before; for those of the writer's inventions
which are now, for the first time, made
public, have insured by flood, if not by field,
many a good hour's sport to himself and his
friends.

PART L

MINNOWS.

That juggling fiend, who never spake before,
But cries " I warned thee !" when the deed is o'er.

Byron.

Before entering upon any particulars of the
'* gentle craft," I must earnestly entreat all
Brothers of the Angle to remember a Golden
Kule, which ought to be inscribed on every
fishing-rod. It is this, —

Never throw your fly, or put your
bait into the water, without expecting
A FISH. It is said, that care will kill a cat : I
can answer for it, that care has killed, and will
kill, many a thousand brace of fish.

And now for some of the subsidiary Practical
Hints, promised in the Title-page.

I have headed this part with the word Min-
nows, merely because it will be found to treat
of spinning baits; — the various devices which
form this class being generally known under

B 2

20 MINNOWS AND

the appellation of Minnows, though, in nearly
all instances, the bright little Minnow has been
most unmercifully parodied. "Were it but
endowed with man's proud prerogative, speech,
would it not uplift its tiny voice against those
eccentricities, at whose baptism it has been
forced to stand godflither by proxy ? " Truth
is strange — stranger tlian fiction." In the
present instance, however, the Minnow is
a pretty, little, lively fellow, having nothing
strange about him ; but the fictions thereon
founded are strange indeed. The poet's mon-
sirum horrendum, wforme ingens cui lumen
ademptum, is not more remarkable than the
angler's Minnows. Fishermen may, perhaps,
have fixed upon the ^linnow as the generic
of his tribe ; and thus, as Nature sometimes
produces monstrosities, anglers have given to
the world extraordinary variations on the ori-
ginal : and, what is more extraordinary still,
some of their oddities are admirably adapted for
the purpose designed.

Montaigne has something to the effect that
every kind of creature has a certain claim to

WATER-WITCHES. 21

our tenderness and benevolence. I think so
too, and would, therefore, avoid the cruelty of
either threading a fine, lively worm on a hook,
or even of killing fish, as mere baits for other
fish. Our forefathers may stand more excused
for this practice than ourselves ; since, in their
days, the admirable imitations and inventions
of modern times were, of course, unknown.

By what distinctive appellation to designate
the specimens given in Plate I., figs. 1, 2, 3, 4,
I know not. The adopter may apply any
name he fancies, and, lest he should have none
at hand, Water-witch will answer the purpose,
and be correctly expressive too, for nothing so
witching was ever before made acquainted with
water ; as far, at least, as trout-fishing is con-
cerned.

With these have I killed more fish than with
either the real Minnow or any artificial bait of
the kind I ever used.

The experience of every angler must have
thoroughly impressed upon his mind the fiict,
that even with the real Minnow he has missed
very many more fish than he has killed. Xow,

B 3

22 MINNOWS AND

with these Water-witches I have killed, and seen
killed by others, very many more fish than have
been missed. Incredible as this may sound, it
is strictly true, and is attributable, I apprehend,
to two things only :

The spinning apparatus being placed at the
head instead of at the tail ; and

The method of arranging the hooks.

The excellence of these two things is very
obvious. First, as regards the spinning of the
bait.

I do not mean to assert that its rotatory
motion through the water is qnicker than
where the tall is made the momentum — sup-
posing that tail to be large enough, and the
Minnow properly weighted.

The tails of all the artificial IMinnows, Kill-
devils, or by whatever name they may be
known, antecedent to those hereafter to be
described, are often in the way, not of a run,
but of a catch. Although a fish of prey,
whether Trout, Jack, Perch, or Eel, invariably
swallows his honne bouche head foremost, and
consequently seizes his prey either by the middle.

WATER-WITCHES. 23

as the Jack, or as near the head as possible, like
the Trout ; yet the artificial tail, extending
beyond the sides of the body, often touch him,
when about to strike the bait. Finding such
an unaccustomed reception, he incontinently
retreats, leaving the sportsman disgusted at his
artificial baro'ain. When this tail is rendered
unnecessary, the first intimation the fish receives
of something more piquant than he expected,
arc the thorns of the rose, the hooks, precisely
what Piscator wishes.

Xow, with the Water- witch tribe, the spinning
part may be made much larger than in any other
artificial Minnow, without risk of obtruding its
hardness on the sensibility of the Trout's jaws.
They spin all the better for being of tolerable
size, and proving no impediment to hooking
the fish, are rather to be preferred large than
small.

The second great point in favour of the
Water-witches is —

The arrangement of the hooks.

The chief secret of artificial Minnow fishing
is, that the hooks stand ivell out from the hody of

B 4

24 MINNOWS AND

the bait, a matter which cannot be accomplished,
save by the tackle to be presently explained, in
any thing like the same perfection, with the
artificial Minnow hitherto used. Look at the
artificial baits commonly sold. In many cases
the hooks are absolutely tied, or in some other
w^j fastened doivn, to the thing used as a bait !
or even when left free, when what is called
flying tackle, a set of triple hooks, hanging
loose, is adopted, a similar thing occurs ; for, in
drawing through the water, they cling pertina-
ciously to the bait. If you do not choose to
take my word for this, just try the difference.

In real Minnow-fishing, the objection I have
made to the hard, curved tail, is at an end.

True.

Whence, then, comes it that so many fi?h
are lost when using the real Minnow? — Beyond
all question, by —

The bad-arrangement of the hooks.

I have applied the same principle to the real
Minnow as to the artificial bait. Place the
hooks on a real Minnow as you will — except
with my apparatus (Plate I., fig. 5.), — and they

WATER-WITCHES. 25

must, in their transit through the water, chng
close, or nearly so, to the body of the bait-fish.
To one who knows nothing of angling, this may
seem wholly unimportant, provided the points
and barbs are not absolutely buried in, or lie
close upon, the scales of the bait. But well do
many anglers know, that the chief reason why
a Trout is not hooked, when he actually lays
hold of the Minnow, is, in most cases, because
the hooks hug the Minnow so lovingly as to
allow the Trout to shake both bait and hooks
out of his mouth, the moment he has seized
them. And this is a common cause wiiy, out
of twenty runs, ten fish are rarely killed.

"With the exception of Colonel Hawker's plan,
no other is worthy of consideration. And I
think it not improbable, that, could he have
made the Minnow spin by placing the hooks
on both sides, he would have done so. But,
curve the tail or body in whatever way you
will, you cannot make it revolve quickly and
well, if the hooks be placed on both sides.
Make it spin by means of the head instead of
the tail, and you may cover both back, belly,

26 MINNOWS AND

and sides with hooks, leaving the Minnow
perfectly straight ; yet it will spin admirably.
Place the hooks, either in equal or unequal
proportions, on both sides, leaving the spinning
part heliind them, and they create such resistance
in the water, as to prevent the revolving in-
tention from being carried into effect. But,
when the spinning machinery is before the hooks,
the water, falllng^r^^ on that machinery, drives
round both bait and hooks with rapidity.

And now for the manufacture and arrange-
ment of these baits.

Double a piece of tolerably thick gut, and
affix two or three triple hooks {vide Plate II.,
fig. 10.). Double another piece, something
shorter, attaching only one or two triple hooks,
(Plate II., fig. 11.). Fasten them to the artificial
bait (fig. 1. Plate I.), by passing one of the loops
of gut, to which the hooks have been previously
tied, through the upper hole in the brass (fig. 1.).
In like manner, pass the loop of the other piece
of ojut throu2:h the lower hole. You will now
find these tw^o loops parallel to that formed by
the wire which passes through the bait. Take

I V

''T

\

WATER-WITCHES. 27

a length of gut, looped at both ends, and in-
sinuate one end through each of the three
parallel loops (the two of gut, and the one of
wire). Pass the hitherto unemployed loop of
the single piece of gut, through that with which
you have just taken iip the three parallel loops.
Draw tight ; press the hooks into the position
they assume in fig. 1. PlateL, when all will be
finished and secure.

In explanation, this may sound somewhat
complicated ; in practice, it is scarcely an aflfair
of thirty seconds — presupposing the hooks to
have been tied before.

The manufiicture of the bait is a much longer
process, and may be thus accomplished.

Prepare a piece of brass, which, when finished,
shall be of the size and shape of fig, 1. Plate IL,
drilled with two small holes near the centre ;
and one, more than double the size, at each end.
Pass a piece of brass wire, doubled, through the
two small holes in the centre, {vide fig. 5.).
Form the spinning apparatus (fig. 2.) either of
thin tin, or of thick, transparent horn.

To prepare the horn for this purpose, soak it

28 MINNOWS AND

for a few seconds in hot water. Cut it into
the required sliape ; and, while in a soft state,
from the warm bath wherewith it has been
treated, bend it, by means of round pliers, into
the necessary form.

Lay the tin or the horn, thus prepared,
between the wire, and, by twisting this wire
with flat pliers, it will be held tightly against
the drilled brass {vide fig. 6.). Next, pass a
piece of lead fig. 3., cast Avith a hole through it,
over the wire, bringing it close to the drilled
brass. Form it into the requisite shape (fig. 7. ).
Cut out a small tail of transparent horn (which
may be thinner than the wings) with a hole
at the narrow end (fig. 4.). Force the wire
through this hole; and, with pliers and file,
form it into fig. 8. The lead need not be
as long as the Minnow, as it is preferable
to keep the greatest weight at the head. To
make, therefore, the shape of the body, fill up
the distance between the head and the tail with
worsted, wool, or any soft material. Gutta
Percha, softened in hot water, will answer the
purpose. Cover the whole either with Gutta

WATER-WITCHES. 29

Percba or wlilte leather. Paint and varnish,
and you will have fabricated fig. 1. Plate [.,
— the perfect Water-witch.

I can safely pledge my word, that this is,
without any exception, the most destructive
artificial Minnow ever presented to the gastro-
nomic propensities of tlie Trout.

It may be applied, with equal eflBciency, to
Jack-fishing. But where very large hooks are
used, and coarse tackle, almost any method of
baiting will answer. But with Trout it is
widely different. Small hooks and fine gut
require a management very far removed from
that demanded by huge hooks and gimps.

The killing properties of the bait consist,
chiefly, in being able to cover it with hooks on
BOTH sides; yet enabling it to spin tvith the
greatest velocity ; and, at the same time, the hooks
revolving AT A short distance /rom the bait.

The intention of the drilled brass, through
which the gut passes, whereon the hooks are
tied, is for the double purpose of keeping them
from adhering close to the body, and to prevent,
as much as possible, those on one side from

30 JillNXOWS.

becomino; entancrled with those on the other,
when in use. That they will sometimes entangle
appears to me unavoidable. But this chiefly
happens when the gut has become worn, and
oug;ht no lono;er to be used.

Remember, it is most essential that the hooks
be kept away from the body of the bait. When
therefore, the gut is so far worn as to make
them hang close to the Minnow, change it
instantly, if you would continue your sport:
for which purpose be always prepared with
several sets of hooks in your case. They scarcely
require more time to affix, at the water's side,
than to change a fly. The most expeditious
method for performing this operation has been
already explained.

If you omit to observe this proceeding,
blame not me for want of diversion. But if
you abide strictly by the above injunctions, I
can fearlessly affirm, that you will not only have
as many runs as at the real Minnow, if not
more — for it spins most attractively, — but you
will kill, at the very least, double the number
of fish.

THE REAL MINNOW. 31

I have applied the same principle to the real
Minnow, which is of course equally killing {vide
fig. 5., Plate I.). A short piece of brass wire
will be seen extending beyond the fine end of
the lead. Insert this in the Minnow's mouth,
drawing the head of the fish close up to the brass,
where secure it by forcing the single hook,
marked («) in fig. 5., into the flesh of the
Minnow, near the setting on of the head. The
whole will then be precisely the same as in the
artificial representation (fig. 1.). The single
hook is tied to a short piece of gut, and knotted
on to a length to which the traces are attached.

The act of baiting, by this contrivance, is
very much shorter than by any other now
practised ; and whatever tends to the economy
of time is so far valuable, that we enjoy or
profit, as the case may be, by the amount of
time economised, just so much more than the
idle watcher of those fearful demolitions accom-
plished by old Edax Rerum,

Fig. 2. of Plate I. is the Miller's Thumb,
treated in the same manner as the Minnow. I
mean an artificial bait, bearing some resemblance

32 MINNOWS AND

to that wide-mouthed, flat-headed aquatic. Its
beauty, though not quite apparent to us, would
no doubt be admired by some of the savage
tribes who, looking upon flat foreheads as the
ne plus ultra of loveliness, produce, in their
offspring, that peculiar formation, by other than
Nature's aid. Trout show somethins; of the
savage propensity, for they often exhibit a
great predilection for the Miller's Thumb, or
Bull-head.

In figs. 3. and 4. of Plate I. are represented
others of the "VYater-witch tribe, not much in-
ferior to the former, and, as a change of colour
and arrangement of hooks, will be found a
valuable addition to the angler's Minnow esta-
blishment.

Turn, file, or cast brass into the required
shape; whether serpentine, as fig. 3., or straight,
as fig. 4. Drill two holes, almost close together,
near the head, two more near the middle of
the body, but rather inclining towards the
head end, and one near the tail. Form the
spinning apparatus of the same shape as for
the previously described baits (figs. 1. and 2.),

WATER- WITCHES. 33

only of thin sheet brass, and solder it into a
nick sawn lengthways into the brass at the head
or thicker end. A rivet will, perhaps, answer
better than solder.

To mount these, take a thick piece of gut or
thinner twisted, (I prefer tolerably thick salmon
gut, for nipvinting all minnows), bend it into
a loop, and tie on a triple hook (vide fig. 12.
Plate II.). Let the loop be of such length, as
that when passed through the upper of the two
holes, and then through the one immediately be-
low, you shall only hQ just able to pass the loop
over the hook (fig. 9.). Take hold of the hook,
and draw it into the position exhibited in
fig. 4. Plate I. Here you will observe that the
loop, acting as a kind of lever, keeps the hook
from lying flat upon the body of the bait.
Repeat this process with the two holes in the
middle, only beginning on the opposite side of
the brass, else would the two treble hooks be on
the same side. Now pass a piece of thick single,
or twisted sfut, throu2:h the hole near the tail
end. Tie it down to the brass, and then fasten
c

34 MINNOWS AND

on another hook, so as to extend perhaps half
an inch beyond the extremity of the brass.
This done, you will have the bait, fig. 4.

I very commonly use another and quicker
mode of baiting these. Tie precisely the same
tackle as for figs. 1. and 2. Drill only one
hole in the brass Minnow, and let that be as
near the head as possible. Pass the loop of one
of the sets of tackle through this hole. Press
that part of the loop which has gone through,
on a level with the hole previously drilled in
the wing. Perform the same operation on the
other side the Minnow, and with the other set
of tackle. With a single length of gut, looped
at both ends, take up and secure this arrange-
ment of the tackle, in exactly the same manner
as described in the case of the Water-witches,
figs. 1. and 2. {vide fig. 3. Plate I.)

The two sets of hooks may be laid flat upon
the Minnow, on both sides, without employing
the agency of the hole near the head. But, in
throwing, they will become entangled every
moment, and lie close to the Minnow, — an
effect which, above all others, is to be avoided,

WATER-WITCHES. 35

and which is accomplished by means of the hole,
the position of which has been just described.

That in these instances, as well as in the
former, the gut will wear out by friction against
the brass, and the hooks then come close to the
body, there can be no doubt. What then ? —
Use fresh sets ; and never be induced to go to
the river without several, ready prepared, for
replacing those that have become so far worn
out.

The greater your sport, the more frequently
should you change the tackle ; for the struggling
of the fish materially aids in fraying the gut.

.There is one very important fact connected
with angling, and most peculiarly conspicuous
in Minnow-fishing, which may as well be men-
tioned here. It is this, — that with change of
colour, you will frequently kill a fish that you
have missed, and consequently startled, by a
bait of a different hue. If you try him with
the same colour with which you previously
deceived him, that previous deception will not
soon be forgotten ; and he will therefore keep

C 2

36 MINNOWS AND

himself out of the way of mischief, when the
deceiving colour shall be again presented to him.

As a variation on the brass Minnows, anoint
one of them with novargent, — a chemical pre-
paration, which will convert the brass into
silver : or, at least, into the similitude of silver,
— for I dabble not in transmutation of metals.
Should a good fish have been missed with one,
try the other. I have, however, more frequently
killed, on these occasions, with a black bait;
the colour being so totally different from any
with which the fish has been already deceived,
he will commonly snap at it fearlessly. I have
used one made of ebony, but it is too ligl^t ;
and I have found it preferable to stain or paint
a brass serpentine Minnow black. A friend,
and an excellent fisherman, gave me this hint.
He took Trout in a lake in Wales, with leeches
in their gullets. And I am now satisfied that
a leech will, in most, if not in all, waters, take
fish. The brass, being bent into a serpentine
form, and made black, is no despicable repre-
sentation of a leech.

Though Trout certainly appear to be ena-

WATER-WITCHES. 37

moured of these things, they are but ugly beasts.
I suppose, however, that, in matters of beauty,
we must let " each eye negotiate for itself."

A very small artificial Eel, from two to three
inches long, ranks as high, in the writer's esti-
mation, as the Water-witch (fig. 1.).

It may be made of either lead or brass. I
prefer the latter, when of sufficient thickness
to be tolerably weighty ; because the whole
affair being solid, — no tail to fix on, and the
spinning part firmly rivetted, it is far more
durable. Let this be twisted, as I have de-
scribed for the leech, and painted dark on the
back, and a bluish-grey on the under side.

After all I have said on the subject, I wish
only to insist principally on two points : what-
ever kind of Minnow you use, let the spinning
apparatus be at the head; and so arrange the
hooks that they stand well off from the body.

If you do not adopt these plans, and are
desirous to catch your own fish for dinner, you
may often be driven to some such expedient, to
please your fish-loving palate, as the King of
Bithynia's cook was, in the service of his master.

c 3

38 MINNOWS AND

The passage is thus recorded in the " Curiosities
of Literature : " —

" The King of Bithynia, in some expedition
against the Scythians, in the winter, and at a
great distance from the sea, had a violent longing
for a small fish called aphy, a pilchard, a herring,
or an anchovy. His cook cut a turnip to the
perfect imitation of its shape ; then fried in oil,
salted, and well powdered with the grains of a
dozen black poppies. His Majesty's taste was so
exquisitely deceived, that he praised the root to
his guests as an excellent fish ! "

Of what did duty for the bones the writer
makes no mention; and much I fear me the
art of making turnip-fish is unknown to us
degenerate moderns, for the cook of Bithynia's
king, in the jealousy of his trade, no doubt
omitted, in his receipt, some principal ingredients.

With regard to Trout, there is a very curious
fact — he will take a spinning bait even in the
midst of living Minnows. This singularity
must have been noticed by many as well as by
myself. It has been accounted for, and from
my own observation I think correctly, by sup-

WATER-WITCHES. 39

posing that a fish of prey will sooner seize upon
a brother in distress, a wounded fish, than upon
any other; because it is most easily captured.
This presupposes something of a human, not
humane, feeling ; and was exemplified in per-
fection when I was at school — that blessed
time of birch before breakfast, drubbings before
dinner, and tears before tea. A poor, friendless
boy was the butt of the school ; and, whenever
he was knocked down, uprose the cry of " Oh !
kick him ! Avhat fun ! he's no friends ! " And
this seems to be the case among other animals.
In domestic poultry, the injured hen is pecked
at on all sides ; the wounded stag is driven from
the herd, to die in solitude. The unfortunate
of the feathered, furred, and every other race,
are either scorned or hunted, often both.

The scaly tribe affords no exception. I have
several times seen a Minnow or small Dace,
that was either marked by some accident, or
had — no doubt from injury of one kind or other
— an odd, waddling sort of motion in swimming,
seized upon by a Trout, in the midst of its
fellows, who were in full health, vigour, and

C 4

40 MINNOWS AND

beauty; close past all of whom rushed the
fish of prey, and gobbled up his damaged morsel
with great apparent gusto.

I may say of these Water-witches, as Byron
does on a very different occasion —

" 'Tis true, they are a lawless brood,
And rough in form."

They are, however, very like the domestic

man, who makes himself at home everywhere !

They adapt themselves to all waters and all

states of the water, save the very dirtiest ; care

no more for wet or dry than so many armadillos

— no more for sunshine or shade than the under

side of a sundial ; and, though they love not to

sport

" O'er the glad waters,"

yet in them they are — very Water-witches.

But to succeed even with these, it is abso-
lutely necessary that you keep your temper.
Never swear — fish love not profanity ; besides,
oaths have a wonderful eflfect in deranging the
tackle as well as the temper. An eagle once
made a stoop at a kid, but, missing his prey,

WATER-WITCHES. 41

straightway got into a passion, and, in the
blindness of his rage, made a dash at a piece of
pointed rock, which latter had so much the best
of it (being quite cool), that the eagle became
food for worms. When the fisherman happens
suddenly to find his tackle, as the Yankee says,
" Up a tree," let him remember the eagle and
the rock.

In bright, low waters I have had great sport
with a sort of Minnowkin, — a minute Minnow,
less than an inch long, and made of India
Rubber or Gutta Percha, having only one small
treble hook, hanging loose by the tail. I have
used this on my fly line, as the stretcher ; and
once, this year, when fishing in the Test, tested
its excellence by the production of a finer dish
of fish than usually falls to the lot of even the
accomplished fly-fisher ; and that, too, on a
bright calm day, when the fly was all but
useless.

With a similar one made of lead, and used
as the Grasshopper (hereafter explained), I
have likewise had success of no despicable kind.

I have made them bright on one side, and

42 MINNOWS AND WATER-WITCHES.

dark green on the other, with a tail of very thin
horn.

When used as a fly, it is advisable to attach
to the line a very fine swivel, as the spinning
motion would otherwise soon injure light fly
tackle.

The Rod for the usual kind of Minnow
fishing should, in my opinion, be less pliable
than that commonly used ; — the bait being
large, a pliant rod cannot so easily fix the
hooks in the fish's mouth. The more the rod
yields, the less likely are you to secure the fish.
Wherever it is practicable, too, you should
throw up stream ; for, as a fish always lies
with his head opposing the current, he has to
turn round to his prey so suddenly, that he
has seized the bait before an opportunity has
been aflbrded him of seeing i/ou. I have re-
marked also, that the Minnow is invariably
pursued, and taken more eagerly, when drawn
with, rather than against, the stream : the fish is,
therefore, more liable to be hooked, than when
he attacks his food with greater deliberation.

PART II,

45

THE GRASSHOPPER, CABBAGE, AND
OTHER GRUBS.

The Lady of Avenel's waiting-woman says,
" I have lived too long with gentles — I praise
my stars for it — to fight with either follies or
fantasies."

A wise woman, a wise woman, was the Lady
of Avenel's maiden. Let those who love gentle,
real gentle fishing, pursue their calling. I will
humbly imitate the lady's maid, and abstain
from fighting with their fantasies.

Without attemping to combat their predi-
lection for the loathsomes, I may be allowed to
say that a bit of chenille, twisted on a bit of
gut, and stuck on either the single or triple
hooks of the baits exhibited in Plate III., will
answer every purpose of the real maggot ; and
that a little red-brown silk, covering a couple
of inches of common twine, and serpentined
about the grubs of Plate III., will accomplish

46 THE GRASSHOPPER,

precisely the same duty as the living worm. If
you rib this with yellowish straw-colored silk,
you will have the Brandling, reputed to be the
best worm used.

Though Fly-fishing is certainly the most
elegant part, and a productive one too, of
the angler's art, yet is it often annoying
enough to go forth on an expedition, and not
find a single fin inclined to raise the body
whereto it belongs half-a-foot from the bottom
of the river. In this case, the baits of Plate III.
are eminently serviceable. And even when
fish are rising, a well-filled basket often rewards
him who uses them.

To the lovers of Fly-fishing, and I confess
myself to be one of them, other kinds may seem
coarse or stupid. I have already endeavoured
to show the reader that Minnow-fishing is
neither the one nor the other; and if he will
have patience, perhaps he may find it the same
with other devices. At any rate, I will lay
before him nothing but truths ; and should he
then find artificial Grub-fishing either coarse or
stupid, I can only say —

CABBAGE, AND OTHER GRUBS. 47

" Unbiass'd, or by favour, or by spite,
Not dully prepossess'd, nor blindly right,"

let him try an amateur fisherman's inventions,
before he pass judgment on theory. Nay,
though he may be a most determined and
skilful fly-fisher, he will find that to succeed
with these Artificial Baits, he must use as fine
tackle, and bring to bear quite as much skill,
as in the successful use of the fly.

He must likewise be endowed with what
has been called, -par excellence, the fisherman's
virtue — Patience ; for many deem some pa-
tience necessary when fish are not in the
humour to feed; and, perhaps, a little when
the gut assumes all kinds of fantastic knottings
and twistings, just as you are about to make a
noble fellow " stand and deliver ; " and, perhaps
too, a little when the rain begins to intrude
on the privacy of the pocket where snuff-box
and handkerchief are kept. Patience, indeed !
Why, if the fish refuse to feed, so would
you if you wanted not food ; then what a
blockhead you must be to show impatience at
a fish, for the very thing which your own

48 THE GRASSHOPPER, ETC.

conduct would sanction. When the gut shall
exhibit a Gordian Knot affair of graceful
curvings — what is then your casting line but
Hogarth's Line of Beauty ? The rain in your
pocket — what then ? like money in the spend-
thrift's, it can't stay there. Patience, indeed !
Take my word for it, you may do almost any-
thing, provided you have — what? — Patience?
Not at all — Skill, which presupposes Knowledge.

The practice of artificial grub angling is not
so very easy as may at first sight appear ; and
if I pretend to instruct, it is from the joint
product of my own experience, and observation
of the most expert anglers with whom I have
come in contact.

To succeed in this mode of fishing, fix to the
end of a fly line a yard and a half gut. In
low water and bright withal, let at least the
last two links, next the bait, be of the finest
and very lightly coloured, just to take oflf the
bright glare of white gut. A float, not much
more than an inch long, merely made of a crow's
quill, and a bit of the white shaft of any feather
that will fit it, must be so adjusted as to be

MODE OF USING. 49

very little below the surface of the water when
the bait touches the bottom.

And thus is that bait to be managed.

Wherever you have reason to suspect the
presence of fish, whether in streams or still
water, drop the bait as lightly as may be, and
when you feel it touch the bottom, communicate
to it, by means of very slight jerks of the wrist,
that momentum which will cause it to jump
three or four inches at a time. Xever allow it
to remain still ; yet let the jerks, though sharp,
be short — proceeding from the ivrist, not the
whole arm, as the arm would be liable to drive
the bait too far at once. Watch the action of
the float with the greatest care ; and, on the
slightest deviation you observe from its direct
course, strike, not A«?t/, but \N\i\\ great quickness.
Having alluded to the operation of " striking,"
I must put the reader in possession of a fact,
which does not appear to be generally known
to anglers; yet it is of considerable importance
as an auxiliary to success. Most fishermen
strike upwards — exactly contrary to what
ought to be practised. If the motion of strik-

D

50 THE GPwASSHOPPER, ETC.

ing, be iipivard^ the first play of the top of
the rod is do^vniDard ; wliich slackens the line,
and gives the fish an opportunity of shaking
the fly out of his mouth. But in striking
doumivard, the first play of the top of the rod
is upward; which clearly, by tigldening the line,
fixes the hook instantly. I may mention, in
proof of this being no mere theory, that I have
often killed fish, when others were complaining
that they came so short as to be scarcely felt:
— a feat I consider attributable to this method
of striking. In striking upward, watch the point
of your rod ; you will see its first inclination to
be down : strike downward, and you will see it
spring up ; — a secret worth knowing.

A light and accustomed hand will often feel
the fish in time to strike successfully. But I
think the eye is more to be depended upon than
the hand, particularly in Grayling-fishing — the
bite of the Grayling being so delicate as to be
often unfelt. The float — if it can be so called —
is designed merely as a guide to the eye. It is
to answer no purpose of showing whether the
bait be at the bottom or whether it be not —
the hand alone must ascertain that.

MODE OF USING. 51

In still water or pools, cause the bait to jump
a few times in the same spot. Then, incline
the rod to the right, to the left, and before you,
so as to fish in all directions as far as the rod
will reach, never ceasing to jump the bait for
one single moment. In stream or eddy, let it
follow gently the course of the run, ever working
it with the wrist.

Quickness of sight, or sensibility of hand, or
both, are essential in prosecuting your sport
with this bait, else wiU it prove but sport in
name.

The rod, like the line and gut, should be fine.
An ordinary, one-handed fly-rod, is decidedly
the best, as with it you will often feel the fish
in time to hook him ; whereas, with a heavier
tool, you will feel nothing — save, perchance, a
stake or a root.

The largest Grayling are invariably taken
by this mode of fishing, or with the real Maggot,
— for which latter, being a more stationary and
stupid affair, I have no fancy. Baiting a hole
with sundry quarts of maggots, and then standing,
or perchance sitting, to fish it! I would as

D 2

52 THE GRASSHOPPER, ETC.

soon bait a mouse-trap, and watch all night for
the vermin to be caught. There is, too, some-
thing peculiarly atrocious, shamefully treacher-
ous, in seducing the fish to a certain spot, and
then smiting them without mercy.

I have said the largest Grayling are invariably
taken with Grasshoppers or Maggots. I merely
mean that though the small fellows, which do
not spawn, rise freely all the year, weather per-
mitting, at the fly, yet the largest fish, during
a whole year — except after they have spawned,
and are out of condition, and never taken by the
sportsman — do not rise, perhaps, six days.
Indeed, I doubt whether the very largest ever
rise : most certainly, so rare is that event, as to
be not worthy consideration. But they will
take the Grasshopper, Cabbage-grub, or Maggot
used as above almost every day, winter and
summer, that the angler can pursue his sport.
Nay, even when the water is so low and the
weather so bright that fly-fishing is thoroughly
useless, the Grasshopper w^ill not only reward
the fisherman, but, in my belief, his reward
w^ill be greater than at any other time. When

xMAY BE USED IN WINTER. 53

the rivers are very full the fidh have a super-
abundance of food, and are not so easily tempted.
They are, too, cruising about in various di-
rections, and, even where abounding, more dif-
ficult to find.

Neither do the rigours of winter prevent
sport with these baits ; for a friend and myself
killed, the very first week of this year (1849),
in a sharp frost, with the snow lying six inches
deep, and that portion of the line which had
been wet and was out of the water, converted
into a long, attenuated icicle — in such weather
we killed several dishes of very fine Grayling.

In connection with this subject, I may say,
that a most remarkable regulation has lately
been made by a club in possession of one of
the best pieces of Grayling water in England.
It is this : that Grasshopper fishing shall
only be allowed from the 1st of October to the
1st of February ! — a virtual prohibition, as few
men have energy enough for winter angling :
and those who have, find the large fish full of
spawn in December and January ; thus, in one
day, destroying more than in ten years of

D 3

54 THE GRASSHOPPER,

summer-fishing. The Grayling has the pe-
culiarity of never spawning till he is nearly, or
perhaps quite, a pound weight. Up to this
size, therefore, they are always in season, and
will rise freely at a fly. The largest Grayling,
or spawmers, are in season from June till
December ; consequently, during those months
they should be angled for with any bait the
fair fisher will condescend to use. But since,
in the club fo which I have alluded, the largest
Grayling are not allowed to be killed in
summer by any member or his friends ; and as
few can face the severity of winter, even wdien
the state of the water wall allow the sport, the
finest fish are preserved for the Otter, the
Jack, and the Poacher ! — a most curious regu-
lation for a club of Grayling fishers.

A far better regulation would be, that no
Grayling, more than one pound in weight,
should be taken, with any bait whatever,
between the 1st of December and the 1st of
June : thus protecting their spawning season,
and allowing sufficient time for them to become
o;ood and w^iolesome food.

CABBAGE, AND OTHER GRUBS. 55

Yv^hen the fish are feeding freely^ I am not
prepared to say that fig. 2., Plate III. — where
a real Grasshopper, Grub, or Worm, is placed
on the point of the hook — will not kill as
many as figs. 1. and 3. Even under such
circumstances, I have greater faith in the latter
than in the former. The fine triple hook,
hano'ing loose from the bait, is endowed with
strangely taking propensities. And when the
Grayling are running fine, a very common
habit, the superiority of figs. 1. and 3. re-
quires but a single day's trial to establish.
Any grub or worm may be hitched on to the
triple, as well as on to the single hook.

I have had excellent sport with the first and
second varieties of fig. 3. Plate III., described
in page 46 ; and I can most strongly recom-
mend their adoption. When the weeds are
troublesome, I have killed many good Trout by
guiding these baits into those narrow channels
between the weeds, and formed by the weeds
themselves. In such places, fine fish often
lurk.

The Green Drake (fig. 4. Plate III.) is like-

1) 4

56 THE GRASSHOPPER,

wise good, but only for a very short period. I
have frequently watched Trout taking this fly
most greedily, at the moment it leaves its grub
state, and before it has risen to the surface of
the water. It is to be used precisely like the
Grasshopper.

Many fly-fishers must have remarked, that
for a fortnight at least before the May-fly
appears in any numbers, Trout do not rise so
freely as before that period. And I am satis-
fied, from personal observation, they are then
feeding on the fly, at the bottom, as it quits the
case in which it has passed its grub existence.

Experience teaches — so saith the maxim.
But with the world in general, this is a decided
no7i sequitur. Vide a hundred and one in-
stances within the knowledge and recollection
of every body. Just so with anglers; some
will not be taught by experience, and many
will not give her a chance of even a single
lesson.

To say that this bait, or this method of
baiting, is infallible, is but the rank quackery
of our advertising nostrum-mongers. A bait

CABBAGE, AND OTHER GRUBS. 57

that Is to kill every fish that touches it, is like
a pill which is to cure every complaint to
which flesh is heir ; — both the bait and the pill
may kill some. But the baits contained in
Plates I. and III. are as nearly perfect as I can
contrive them ; the skill of the angler must do
the rest. I am, nevertheless, quite ready to
adopt improvements — when demonstrated to
be not mere innovations, or crude, untried
fancies.

The Grasshopper is not only available in
Grayling fishing, but I have killed with it
Trout, Jack, Perch, and Eels. Indeed, so
good a bait do I consider it for Jack, that I
have always one in my Grasshopper box, tied
on Gimp.

In explanation of Plate III., we will begin
with fig. 1., which is thus made : —

A piece of thin brass wire is doubled, having
a small eye for the admission of the gut
(vide fig. 5.). This wire is passed through a
piece of lead, varying in length from one to
two inches, and so pressed upon the wire as
to prevent it from turning round ; the wire

58 THE GRASSHOPPER,

being left half an inch beyond the lead at
the tail end ; the lead extending at the other,
or head end, close to the loop, formed by
doubling the wire (vide fig. 6.). Now bend
the lead into the shape of fig. 7. A small
triple hook having been previously tied to
a short piece of thick gut^ one end of this
stout gut is next passed through the eye
of the wire, and the end to which the hook
is not attached is tied down upon the lead;
working the silk from head to tail; leaving
the hook, so as that, when all shall be finished,
it may lie near the tail end. The bend of
the hook may be a little lower; but not the
points. Take one length of green worsted,
not very dark, and one length two shades
lighter. Tie the ends of these on the wire,
close to where the lead terminates, at the tail
of the grub. Make one wrap with these two
lengths of worsted toward the head. Bend
over that wrap the half-inch of wire which
extended beyond the tail, and press it close
to the lead. Go on winding the worsted over
the lead, taking care not to twist it till you

CABBAGE, AND OTHER GEUBS. 59

reach tlie end near the head. Fasten it : and
in so doing, warp in a strand from the pea-
cock's tail feather, or from the black ostrich
(fig. 8.). During this operation, the hook has
been bent aivay from the body, as seen in
figs. 7. and 8., to allow you to wind on the
worsted. Press back the gut, so as that the
hook shall lie near the tail of the bait; and
secure it in that position by a few turns
of the silk. Wind the peacock's or ostrich's
herl over these turns four or five times, so
as to form a head. Fasten all ; and you will
have fig. 1. Plate III., the most killing grub
ever introduced into a stream.

Think not, kind reader — imagine not, good
brother fisherman, that I hoast (all readers are
kind, often very kind, not to " damn with
faint praise ; " — all fishermen are good, often
very good, in rendering neighbourly offices to
their brethren in distress). As mere author,
I might be at liberty to leave you to your
own cogitations on the subject of Grasshopper
fishing, and to my simple Ipse dixit. But
I will instance a gentleman, Avho is one

60 THE GRASSHOPPER,

of the best Grasshopper-fishers in England
— tJie best with whom I am, or ever was,
acquainted. My friend, in all branches of the
art piscatorial, is fully my equal — in this, my
master. Yet, with my grub just described, I
will average to kill ten fish out of twelve,
hooked; while, with the usual bait (to be
presently explained), even he cannot ensure
anything like that number. That he will kill
more fish than I can, I willingly admit ; for,
being a more expert user of the bait, he can
command a great majority of runs; and con-
sequently, out of a much larger number, must,
in the end, count more fins than myself. But
allow us an equal share of runs, and fig. 1.
will prove its superiority to fig. 2. ; the usual
mode of making this bait, and the one he uses.
Nor will the reader think him wrong to con-
tinue its use, when he learns that in three days'
fishing (one of those days consisting of only
three hours), he killed a hundred and eight
pounds' weight of fish ! — some Trout, but
chiefly Grayling.

This bait (fig. 2.) is similar to that (fig. 1.),

I

CABBAGE, AND OTHER GRUBS. 61

but made on a laro^e sins^le hook. Put on lead
and worsted, as in the former, or cast the lead
in a mould, on the shank of the hook. In
binding on the worsted, warp in a piece of
tolerably thick netting silk, a rather pale
yellow, waxed with white wax, or dark brown
silk, instead of yellow. Having wound on the
body as directed for fig. 1., next, wdth the
piece of yellow or brown silk (which, while
you wound on the body, should have been left
hanging down by the bend of the hook), fasten
on each side the hook a narrow strip of bright
straw, of about half a straw's breadth wide.
Lay it along each side of the body. Holding
it in that position, wind on over all the thick
yellow or brown silk with which you fastened
the straw to the hook, but not too thick;
six or seven times, at equal distances, will be
sufficient. Attach the peacock's strand for a
head — or omit it — and finish.

The hook for this should be made with an
eye. The wire should be fine ; and, what
is of great importance, the point should stand
icell off from the shank.

62 THE GRASSHOPPER,

A real Grasshopper, Cabbage-grub, maggot,
or worm, is to be put on the point of the
hook.

To vary the above, omit the straw ; and to
vary fig. 1., add the straw.

For fig. 3. Plate III., prepare the wire, and
in all respects proceed as in the fabrication
of fig. 1.; the material for the body, and the
lead being straight, making the only differences ;
save, indeed, that it should be shorter than
fig. 1. The body is to be formed of white silk
chenille.

A good variety is with a body of a kind of
pale, dirty-yellow, icorsted chenille.

These two are probably taken for the Wasp-
grub.

But a most excellent variety, and with
which, perhaps, on the whole, reckoning Trout
as well as Grayling, I have had the best sport,
is with a body made of a narrow strip of wash-
leather, wound on like the chenille; which,
when wet, bears no despicable resemblance to
the Caddis tribe.

These may, like the Cabbage-grub (fig. 2.),

CABBAGE, AND OTHER GRUBS. 63

be made on a single hook, only smaller ; a real
maggot, Wasp-grub, or Caddis, being put on
the point.

Fig. 4. is intended to represent the Green
Drake as it issues from its grub state. I
make it either on a double- brazed hook, similar
to those on which the larger palmers are
commonly made, or with a loose triple hook,
in the manner of fig. 1. The hook, or wire, as
the case may be, is leaded. The body is of
pale, dirty-yellow, silk chenille, as fine as can
be procured, ribbed with brown silk, or a fibre
from the common cock pheasant's tail. The wing
is the usual mallard's feather stained a greenish-
yellow, and so put on as to lie close to the
body ; just the contrary of what it is after it
has once risen to the surface of the water.
Wind on a speckled ginger feather for legs,
and he is finished.

Having mentioned the Green Drake, it may
perhaps benefit the amateur fly-maker to tell
him that the best dye for the May-fiy's wing,
with which I am acquainted, is the outer and
inner bark of the young shoots of the Barberry.

64 THE GRASSHOPPER,

Put about as much of the bark as may be
pealed from a slender branch three feet long,
into a pint of water. When this boils, put
in the feathers for a few minutes, or till
they have acquired the hue you desire. When
taken out, soak them for two or three minutes
in alum water. The colour thus produced is
a yellowish-green. The common fault of the
artificial May-fly is that it is too yellow. The
above dye may be made more or less green,
according to the quantity of the outer bark
used ; the inner bark yielding the yellow^, which
should by no means predominate.

While on the subject of the May-fly, I
cannot refrain from telling those of my brother
anglers who may not be aware of the fact, that
during the May-fly season Trout run very
freely at the Minnow. From about the 25th
of May to the end of June, more fish are to be
killed with the Water-witch tribe than \\\\\\
the May-fly. Another hint may, perhaps, not
be unacceptable : — The best fortnight in the
whole year for minnow-fishing is that im-
mediately following the disappearance of the

CABBAGE, AND OTHER GRUBS. 65

May-fly. It is generally considered that the
fish are so ororo^ed with their favourite insect,
they cannot be tempted with anything the
amateur can offer them. But long experience
has taught me, that more fish may be killed
with the Minnow, in the fortnight after the
Green Drake has danced his bright hour on
the stage of life, than in any three fortnights in
the whole year.

Fig. 9. Plate III. is the representation of a
very singular bait. In Wales I have heard it
called the Crab and Cad-bait. Perhaps I
cannot better recommend it, than by saying it
is a favourite among the poachers ! This fact
may, at any rate, be so far in its favour as to
show that it is possessed of very killing proper-
ties. I have imitated the natural insect, as
shown in fig. 9., and found it admirable. Why
the creature should have been called a " Crab,"
I know not. It much more resembles a smaU
kind of lizard. But it is, in fact, the young
Stone-fly, before the wings are sufficiently
grown to have become available as wings. It
will be seen in April — possibly by the latter

E

66 THE GKASSHOPPER,

end of March — creeping among the gravel and
stones by the river-side, and is very eagerly
sought after by the Trout.

To make this bait, lead a single hook, of the
size represented in fig. 9. Flatten the lead,
tapering it to the tail; but still leave it com-
paratively "wide. The whisks in the tail are
either two strands of speckled partridge's tail
feather, or from the bustard. The body is
principally yellow towards the tail, and yellow
and brown mixed for the upper part. Rib
with yellow silk. The legs, six in number, I
have formed of short pieces of thick gut,
wound with olive-coloured silk well waxed,
and bent into the form shown in fig. 9. The
legs are bound on the hook, as the first
operation in fabricating the imitation ; I mean
after the lead is put on. I have also made it
with a loose treble hook, in the same manner
as that of the Grasshopper, fig. 1. Plate III.
If you adopt the single hook, a Caddis must be
put on the point of it.

" Words are like leaves ; and where they most abound,
Much fruit of sense, beneath, is seldom found."

CABBAGE, AND OTHER GRUBS. 67

Lest some critic should quote this at the
author's expense, he will say no more about
the Grasshopper, et hoc genus omne^ than that
its best season is from July to December. He
may, however, add, that in^?/-fishing for Gray-
ling, the fly must float down the water. If drawn
against the stream, the fisher may be assured of
no sport ; as, from the peculiar formation of the
Grayling's lips, he is unable to take a fly that
is before him ; — it must pass hy him ; and then
he rises backwards, and so seizes the insect.
But with the Trout, it is very different; he
rises at the fly when it is before him. If,
therefore, you wish to make a better inspection
of his spots, and have not Lord Rosse's tele-
scope at hand, I recommend you to throw
neither directly up nor down the water; but,
rather, to draw slantingly across it; by which
means, a Trout, lying something below your
fly, will follow, and take it, before the gut is
perceived.

While on the topic of sinking Baits, I may
observe, that I have often leaded the shank of
a small hook — No. 8. for instance — and

68 CABBAGE, AND OTHER GRUBS.

painted the lead in alternate stripes of dark and
light brown. On the point of the hook thus pre-
pared, put either the body of a Harrylonglegs,
or of any of the larger flies ; — a Cad-bait is
perhaps better than any thing else. Thus
armed, I have killed many fish, by working it
in the same way as already described when
speaking of the Grasshopper ; but using no
float. When the fish are rising, it is a very
killing dodge ; particularly in streams, in rapids ;
but, in this case, it must be used within a few
inches of the surface.

PART III.

E 3

71

BEETLES.

The lawyer who drew up the marriage settle-
ment on the projected alliance of John Dory
and Ann Chovy, omitting the fair lady's
name, performed the exact part of the fly-
fisher who goes to the river without any
of the Beetle race in his possession. We
presume the lady's name to be of principal im-
portance in such an instrument as a marriage
settlement. Of precisely similar importance
is the Beetle to the angler. What should
we think of a gentleman addicted to coursing,
whose establishment consisted of setters and
pointers? The fisherman's establishment is
equally incomplete without Beetles. Yet how
seldom have I seen any of the Coleoptera order
in the Fly-book ! With the exception of the
small Beetle, commonly known among fisher-
men by the name of the Peacock-fly, I have
rarely met with one. This is not in the

E 4

72 BEETLES.

enjoyment of as fair a degree of favour as
it deserves ; for it is one of the most killins:
insects used, and particularly in April, when, in
the finest, brightest water, it will be found ad-
mirable. The cases which enclose the wings of
this species are so very small, scarcely extending
over one-third of its body, that it is quite as
well to make it in the ordinary manner of
dressing a fly ; more especially, too, as, when it
alights on the water, its wings are most com-
monly extended, not only beyond the cases,
which ought to cover them in a .state of repose,
but beyond the body itself.

If the fly-fisher will take the trouble to open
the stomachs of Trout, almost at any season, he
will very often find part of their contents to
consist of one or other of the Beetle tribe ; a
lesson, I imagine, well worth the learning. On
one occasion, at Monmouth Cap, on the Mon-
now, when the Trout were rising in all di-
rections, and I had tried a great variety of
flies without effect, I at last captured a very
little fellow ; and, in order to ascertain what he
had been taking, I cut him open, and found.

BEETLES. 73

among other things which I could not dis-
tinguish, two small brown-backed Beetles. I
immediately put on a Beetle, and produced
the only basket of fish killed that day on the
river. The same thing occurred once at Fair-
ford, near Cirencester ; and I now look upon a
Beetle, during the whole season, as command-
ing success when the fly will fail, supposing
the fish to be rising at all ; for the mystery of
inducing them to sport against their inclination
must for ever remain a sealed book.

In the succeeding Plate I have only given
two specimens; although there is a great
variety which may be sometimes practised
with success; colour of the material for the
back (intended to represent the cases under
which the wings are folded) being the principal
difference.

Some of these, for instance, may be made
with the bright green strands of the peacock's
tail ; some with the red feathers of the golden
pheasant ; others with copper colour, and
others with black. This last may have either
a peacock- or garnet-coloured body.

74 BEETLES.

Fig. 1. Plate IV., and the black-backed
Beetle, as well as the bright green, I have found
the best, and with which I have often killed a
good basket of fish, when every fly was refused.

The Beetles are used like the artificial fly ;
but I think they kill best when allowed to
float gently down the stream, rather than
when drawn against or across it; though I
have killed in smooth water, and with a large
Beetle too, some very fine fish.

I generally use them made on hooks having
a fine eye at the extremity of the shank. In
fact, I very commonly make all flies, large and
small, on similar hooks ; — a practice which will
doubtless be much scouted by many anglers.
Nor shall I attempt to persuade any one to
adopt it, though it possess the advantage of
enabling me to use either fine or thick gut with
the same fly. It is far more durable, for when
the fly is tied on gut, the gut is very soon
so worn as to be unsafe, and the fly con-
sequently valueless. Besides, in an ordinary
sized round snufl"-box, I carry to the river
three hundred flies — a compression of the

PLATE. 4-.

^ #^ -

(^jf.

^

BEETLES. 75

material with which I am well pleased, more
especially as each is kept separate, and available
without trouble.

Should the good-natured fishing public ask
for a second edition, I may perhaps give more
details on this subject ; for it is somewhat of
a pet, though not exactly the child of our old
age; — rather the mistress of our youth, and
the friend of our riper years, combining, as
Keats most correctly sings,

" The bread of friendship, and the wine of love ; "

exhilaration and sustenance, — the excitement
of sport, and its fruits.

The manufacture of the Beetle is a more
troublesome operation than that of fly-making.

Tie securely, on the back of a hook, using
strong well-waxed silk, a bit of thin whale-
bone, cut as shown in Plate IV. fig. 3., when
it will assume the appearance of fig. 4. Cut
the fibres from a medium sized black hackle,
almost, but not quite, close to the shaft of the
feather ; thus leaving it a little rough. Divide
it into two equal lengths. Place them on

76 BEETLES.

the under side of the hook, just before the
pointed end of the whalebone, and there
secure them. These will, when all is con-
cluded, form the legs. Having previously cut
the fibres from a small red hackle, which has
been died brown, in the same manner you before
cut the black hackle, double it, and fasten on
the two ends, almost close to the eye of the
shank. This is to form the horns ; and you will
now have fig. 5. Work back the silk to the
tail end, and there fasten near the bend of the
hook — upon the hook itself, not upon the
whalebone — a strip of feather half an inch wide,
from a hen's wing which is of a ruddy brown,
or a similar coloured feather from the peacock's
wing. Tie it on by the points, having the
inside of the feather uppermost (fig. 6.). Take
three or four strands of black ostrich, and fasten
them directly upon the spot where the feather
was secured (fig. 7.). Continue the silk, with
which you are working over the whalebone, till
you reach the legs, and leave it hanging there
down. Wind the strands of ostrich over the
whalebone, and fasten them where the silk was

BEETLES. 77

left hanging down. Cut off the superfluous
ends, and you have fig. 8. Bring the feather
over the back of the whalebone, with such care
as not to separate the fibres ; and pass the silk
twice over it, at the place where the ostrich
strands were fastened, that is, immediately
behind the legs. Now convey the silk under
the legs, bringing it out between them and the
head, where the feather must be secured. Cut
away the thick ends of the feather, and fasten
off the silk (vide fig. 9.). Clip the legs and
horns of proper length, the legs very short ; put
them into something like their natural shape;
and you will have accomplished fig. 1., which
will then be ready for use: Hook No. 11.
or 12.

Fig. 2. Plate lY. is only an enlarged edition
of the foregoing; the body being made of
peacock's strands instead of ostrich's. This
being a large Beetle, it is perhaps preferable to
make the legs of short pieces of gut wrapped
over with dark-coloured silk well waxed;
thickening those parts which are to do duty
for the thighs. — Hook No. 6.

78 BEETLES.

The Beetle has six legs ; and, in these large
kinds, you may furnish them with their natural
number, if so it please you ; the two longest,
which are the hind legs, being placed, perhaps,
half a straw's breadth further back than the
others. For my own part, I never use ipaore
than four either for large or small Beetles.
Indeed, the legs of the smaller kinds have been
so curtailed by Nature — are so very minute —
that I commonly make them without any, and
find them quite as effective.

There is one Beetle besides the Peacock-
fly, mentioned in page 51., and, to the best
of my belief, only one, in common use with
anglers. This we call the Marlow Buzz.
Instead of putting together peacock, gold, and a
furnace hackle, why not imitate Nature, and
produce fig. 1. Plate IV. ?

The Marlow Buzz sometimes kills well;
fig. 1. kills better.

At times, though not very often, we may
succeed with almost any thing. But should
you chance to be a rather fastidious ama-
teur, not caring to kill fish right and left

BEETLES. 79

when everybody else can do the same, — should
you be, in fact, one of those delighting in skill,
eschewing all whipcord work, go to the river
when it is sparkling as the diamond, bright as
beauty's sunny tresses, shallow as a coxcomb's
pate, and — bring home a dish of fish. To do
this artistically, avoiding all kinds of the abomi-
nations of real bait fishing, try the finest gut
procurable, with fly or beetle, according to its
season; size of the insect not being, generally
speaking, of the great importance usually at-
tached to it, — at least in Trout-fishing; for, in
the brightest water, I have killed many a good
brace of fish with a large fly, — a practice con-
trary to old rules. If no rise, adopt the smallest
of the Minnows. And if no run, call in the aid of
Grasshopper, Caddis, Cabbage-grub, Wasp-grub,
or some of their varieties. In default of success
with any of these, hitch on a wide-awake hat
as the stretcher ; you will find it equally se-
ductive; for if you cannot kill with fine fly
tackle, delicate Minnow, or insinuating Grub,
rest assured that a giant dining with Queen
Mab would receive as little bodily satisfaction

80 BEETLES.

as you will mental, by remaining at the water-
side, — always, be it understood, as far as gentle-
manly fishing is concerned.

Observation will, however, sometimes reward
you with a good fish or two ; and here are
a brace of examples : —

A fine Trout was lying close to the stone-
work of a weir, at Leintwardine, on the Teme,
but he was neither to be coaxed with fly, min-
now, nor grub, — at least not in the usual way
of using them. I was, one day, watching him
devouring minnows ; when, presently, one of
the minnows — which were continually leaping
to get out of the way of their formidable enemy
— dropped upon one of the projecting stones of
the weir, and thence wriggled itself into the
water, when it was instantly seized by the
Trout. I immediately thought that his honor's
last hour was at hand. And so it was ; for I
put on the Fly -minnow, and succeeded in pitch-
ing it on to one of the stones. Waiting till he
was near the spot, I then gently jerked the
bait off the stone ; and it had barely touched
the water, when he had it, — and / had him.

BEETLES. 8 1

The other example of the effect of observa-
tion, was on this wise. — In a small stream in
Picardy, there was, one summer, a fine fellow,
which proved to be full four pounds' weight.
He had defied all the fishermen of the neigh-
bourhood — myself among the number. He
was in the almost daily habit of sailing to and
fro, close to the bank ; his promenade extend-
ing perhaps a dozen yards. He had been
hooked two or three times ; and was conse-
quently as wary as the miser, when his son
begins to beat about the bush, introductory to
some pecuniary hint. On one occasion, I no-
ticed a small insect drop from the grass (which
was long, at the time) on to the water, just as
he was passing. It was seized without hesitation ;
and I forthwith prepared for the slaughter.
To the top joint of my rod I attached about a
foot of rather stout gut, with a small brown fly
(the Frog-hopper) at the end. After he had
passed out of sight, I placed this fly almost on
the point of a blade of grass, which slightly
projected over the water. With the top joint
of my rod in the right hand, and the gaff" in my

F

82 BEETLES.

left, I bent down, and awaited his coming. As
he approached, • I gently shook the fly — it
dropped off the blade of grass — and the fish
was mine.

So much for observation.

PART IV,

85

FANCY FLIES.

"Around, a thousand winged wonders fly." — Pope.

Although the fisherman has dealings with
" winged wonders " in superabundance, yet I
cannot think of inflicting on the reader quite
the Poet's '- thousand."

With the terrestrial Fly -catcher, of which, by
the way, we have only two kinds in England, I
have nothing to do ; with the aquatic, some-
thing. The terrestrial might not, possibly, be
deceived by what is considered a fanciful com-
bination of fur, feather, worsted, silk, gold, and
silver ; the aquatic are.

Many of the so-called fancy flies have their
prototypes in nature. The term fancy-fly is
often vulgarly applied to all flies whose living
original is unknown to the angler. But though
the angler, to be perfect master of the " gentle

86 FANCY FLIES.

craft," should be a close observer of nature in
lier insect creation, he is frequently no more of
a naturalist than to see the distinction between
a Trout and a Grayling. The multitude of
Gnats and Mido^es flutterinoj over a stream
escapes his notice, nay, often eludes the more
practised eye of him who may be called the
naturalist-angler, in contradistinction to the
fisher, whose faith is founded on the interested
dictum of the fly-seller, and the dogmatism of
those who acknowledge only a few well-known
insects. In this brief preface to Part lY., I
wish principally to disabuse the reader's mind of
any erroneous notions he may have formed of
the fancy flies. In Plate Y., Nos. 6. and 11.,
for instance, with the Gnats, No. 9., are imita-
tions of the natural insect, and which abound
in most streams. No. 9. I have sometimes
seen used by others, the rest never; though
towards evening No. 11. is, from the end of
April through the summer, excellent.

. There is one colour which enters far too
sparingly into the composition of our flies ; and

FANCY FLIES. 87

that is dark claret or tortoise-shell. It is curious
to remark that the few flies found on the water
in winter are dark. It is a well-ascertained
fact, that dark colours attract warmth in a
greater de2;ree than lio;ht colours. This is
capable of very easy proof by the simple test of
placing a piece of dark cloth and another piece
of white material on the snow when the sun
shines. The snow will be melted to a greater
depth under the dark than under the light
cloth. Thus can the dark flies live by attract-
ing more heat in an atmosphere which would
destroy by cold the paler kinds. These winter
flies, and many of the spring, summer, and
autumn insects, are called black, and so made ;
whereas many of them are dark claret colour.
No. 11. in Plate Y. would probably be made
black by most people. Apply a magnifying
glass, or even hold it up between the eye and
the light, and you will find it is nothing like
black.

It may sound ludicrous to the uninterested
and unobserving when I say that I always

F 4

88 FANCY FLIES.

carry a magnifying glass to the river. But it
is not only useful to discover the true colour of
the living insect, but to detect on opening a
fish upon what fly he has been regaling ; for
unless the fish happen to have only just swal-
lowed it, you will otherwise find great dif-
ficulty in making it out correctly : the digestion
of fish is such a rapid process, that the kind of
insect becomes undistinguishable in a very short
time after entombment in a Trout's gullet.

I esteem the colour of the fly's body of far
greater importance than that of the wings ; at
least I have found it so, probably because the
body is first presented to the fish's observation,
as being nearest to him ; and of those which
may be called flat-winged (in contradistinction
to others which have their wings upright when
in a state of repose) he can scarcely perceive
any wing at all, as it is close upon the hack of
the fly.

What may appear the right colour when
looking down upon it, may be found quite
wrong when viewing it between the eye and

I

FANCY FLIES. 89

the light, — the way in which fish must, from
their position beneath the object, always see it.
It may be thought a startling assertion,
that a favourite fly one season may not be
found equally alluring another. Such have I,
nevertheless, experienced in practice. The
problem is not of very difficult solution.
Some years are more favourable to the pro-
duction of the fly than others. Fertility of
soil depends not wholly on the industry and
ingenuity of man. Excess or paucity of rain
will neutralise both care and skill. Corre-
spondent changes — unusual floods, extreme
frosts — may destroy a greater number of the
larvae than would perish in a more temperate
season. When, therefore, the favourite of one
year is not plentiful another, the fish seek it
not, but prey on what may have previously
escaped notice. Hence, many of what are
considered fancy flies, because not in standard
lists, succeed when the known insect is uncared
for. And herein, too, they prove themselves
of the optimist school ; taking all for the best.

90 FANCY FLIES.

like wise fish as they are, they get fat on a
mid^e when nobler food is denied them.

Mr. Ronalds's imitations of the principal
natural flies are so good, that I shall only say,
on the subject of fly-fishing for Trout and
Grayling, — when imitation of the better known
insects does not produce the anticipated result,
try, according to the season, some of the fancy
flies in Plate Y., of which I shall now pro-
ceed to give the descriptions.

&t

^ of

FANCY FLIES.

91

Plate Y.

Fig.l.

Body. Dark silk, ribbed with flat gold

or silver.
Wings. Darkish Starling.
Hackle. Furnace hackle (dark, black-red)

over all ; but wound on tliicker

toward the head. No. 10. or

11. hook.

92

FANCY FLIES.

Plate V.

Ficj, 2.

Body. Greenish Peacock. Gold tag.

Hackle. Plain red ; wound on thickly,
for about a straw's breadth,
at the head. No. 13. hook.

FANCY FLIES.

93

Plate Y.

Fig, 3.

Body. Greenest Peacock. Orange floss-

silk tag.

Hackle. Wren's tail.

Head. Greenest Peacock ; same as the

body. No. 11. or 12. hook.

94

FANCY FLIES.

Plate V.

Fkj. 4.

Body. Three pale slate-coloured fibres

of a Heron's feather. Rib
thickly with fine silver.

Hackle. That which has a black list
along the shaft of the feather
and black tips, the centre of
the fibres being white. Ko.lO.
hook.

FANCY FLIES.

95

Plate V.

Fig, 5.

Body. Red-brown wool. Gold tag,

well shown.
Wing. Speckled Guinea-fowl.

Hackle. Plain red, over all the body.

^0. 10. hook.

\

96 FANCY FLIES.

Plate V.

Fig, 6.

Body. Dark claret. 1

Hackle. Small Sea-swallow's feather, !

\
very pale. No. 13. hook.

I

FANCY FLIES. 97

Plate V.

Fig. 7.

Body. Orange floss silk.

Hackle. Small, speckled - brown Par-
tridge ; wrapped only three
times round, at most. No. 1 3.
hook.

98 FANCY FLIES.

Plate Y.

Fig, 8.

Body. Yellow floss silk.

Hackle. Same as last. No. 13. hook.

FANCY FLIES.

99

Plate Y.

Fig.d.

Body. Mole's or Water-rat's fur. Kib

with fine orange thickly.

Hackle. For some, dark blue dun; for
others, light blue dun ; and
for others, brown-speckled
Partridge. No. 13. hook.

100

FANCY FLIES.

Plate V.

Fig. 10.

Body. Peacock's herl.

Hackle. Plain red.

Tail. The tips of two feathers from

the head of the crimson Crow.

Not more than the sixth of an

inch, at most, need be shown.

No. 12. hook.

FANCY FLIES. 101

Plate V.

Fig. 11.

Body.

Dark claret.

Hackle.

Dark claret.

Wing.

Kather dark hen Blackbird, or

Water Ousel.

G 3

102 FANCY FLIES.

Of the foreffoino; I have found Nos. 1. and 9.
kill through the whole season. No. 9. I con-
sider one of the most useful of flies. I have
sometimes, even in the brightest water, suc-
ceeded with Nos. 7. and 8., when other flies
have failed. These two have only been given
to illustrate the style of fly I wish to designate.
Others, with the same scanty, ragged-looking
hackle, but varying the body, are equally good.
No. 10. is principally used for taking the
Lastspring, or Salmon-fry ; a disgraceful prac-
tice, though, I am sorry to say, very commonly
followed in the Wye and other rivers. In the
Wye, thousands are taken in a week, and sold
openly in Hereford. The fly with a green
body (a variation on Nos. 7. and 8.) must
be made with the body short and thick, and
the hackle not twisted more than twice round.
With this I have repeatedly had great sport ;
and the first time I observed it was in the
throat of a Trout. There is a very small
green insect of the Grasshopper kind, with
minute speckled legs, sufficiently abundant in

FANCY FLIES. 103

the hot weather; and for this it is taken.
I can very strongly recommend it. No. 3. is
better for Grayling than Trout ; and No. 1 1 .,
as an evening fly, is inferior to none.

PART IV.

{continued.^

107

MOTHS.

The Moth is the owl of the insect race. He
creeps out later in the day than his brethren.
A most remarkable circumstance has been
observed among some of the Phalasnae family,
that, while the male is a winged insect, the
female is a creeping thing without wings.
With these wingless lady Moths we have no
dealings ; nor do we wish to have any with
those that sometimes infest our wardrobes.

I cannot help feeling a very decided an-
tipathy to the owl, the cat, and the Moth ; —
to the owl, because, his singular downy feathers
enabling him to fly so noiselessly^ he the more
easily surprises his prey ; — to the cat, because,
from an equally noiseless movement with the
owl, an idea is engendered that her talons,
though they may be hid within their sheath,
are always quivering to pounce upon something,
whether in jest or earnest it matters little ; —

108 MOTHS.

and to the Moth, because it sneaks out at dusk,
as if ashamed of itself. All these — owl, cat,
and Moth, establish a notion of treachery.
The very fishing with this Moth has an air
of treachery about it. Nevertheless, just about
dusk in the evening, and as long afterwards as
you like to fish, fine Trout may be taken with
fig. 3. Plate VI. The wings of this kind of
Moth being so wide and stifi", it will float for
a long time ; and at those periods when the
larger fish are feeding it is very destructive.

Indeed, the smaller kinds of Moths in
Plate VI., from their comparative width and
stiffness of wing, have a tendency to float.
Add a tremulous motion of the wrist, and you
wiU communicate that fluttering movement on
the surface of the water, which is peculiarly
attractive.

For myself I love not the sport. Though
from dusk till an hour after daybreak the
larger Moths are very killing, yet I love not
the sport. What is the amusement, artisti-
cally speaking as a fisherman, in dabbling in
the chiaroscuro of even a brilliant summer's

MOTHS. 109

night? A midsummer's night is lovely, very-
lovely ; but to enjoy its beauties, — to feel
its delights, we must not have a Moth on
a hook ; the Moth and the hook are too
terrestrial.

Away ! ye Elves of Darkness ! — Give me
daylight and honest anghng ! — A clear con-
science — clear hours — clear water! and then,

" Row, brothers, row ! "

or, which I should very much prefer to the
burden of the Canadian Boat-song —

Fish, brothers, fish !

In the dark, the amusement of killing a
good fish is — nul ; for, with a large hook and
thick gut, he can be lugged out without cere-
mony. You see nothing of him till he is
landed ! It is just like smoking ; the whole
pleasure lies in seeing the smoke. Now let
me appeal, in all seriousness, to the determined
smoker. Have you the same pleasure in
smoking in the dark as in the light ? To be
convinced — try it. Do you not puff away

110 MOTHS.

more vigorously in the dark, in order either
to burn your throat, or to catch a furtive
glance at the glowing end of your cigar?
Both the burning your throat, and the as-
certaining that your cigar is in process of
being consumed, are merely done to make sure
that the smoke is gracefully curling around
you.

Well, that has not much to do with fishing
in the dark. Dear reader, it is but a com-
parison, though not quite so long as some of
Homer's. Fishing in the dark ! Away with
such clumsy work ! as the pencil said to the
painter, when he was sketching an elephant's
leg.

If, according to Hudibras,

" the pleasure be as great

Of being cheated as to cheat,"

the night angler can have but little pleasure,
for the skill of cheating with fine tackle and a
Avell-wrought bait is at an end ; and he surely
cannot be cheated into the notion that he is a
sportsman.

MOTHS. Ill

There must be as much amusement in this
kind of angling, as I conceive a friend of mine
could experience in his mode of treating a jack.
As soon as he had hooked one, no matter what
its weight, he hoisted the rod on his shoulder,
turned his back to the water, and walked
steadily into the field, until he heard the fish
flapping on dry land ! He then quietly turned
round, unhooked his prize, rebaited, and again
threw in, with Turk-like gravity, for another
fish.

Why not stand blindfolded on the top of a
church steeple, and drop peas on the heads of
the passengers ? Such is all the fun I can see
in night-fishinoj.

And now, to all ye who love to turn night
into day, whether in the ball-room, the Salons
de Jeu, or by the river side, (though in none
of these cases might you be pleased to find
night suddenly converted into day), I humbly
make my bow. With the night-loving bipeds
of society I have nothing to do, having nought
in common with them ; to the nigjht-lovino^
angler I can only say, —

112 MOTHS.

On the hours of the Poacher,

Be not thou an encroacher,
While the Bat and the Owl flit by :

Leave the Trout and the Grayling,

To their feeding and sailing,
Nor tempt, with Moth, Minnow, nor Fly.

In my contempt for night-fishing, I had
nearly forgotten to observe that the various
coloured chenilles make excellent bodies for
the Moth varieties : for the larger ones Avorsted
chenille ; and for the smaller, silk.

I shall now describe the Moths.

PLATE, e.

:s

^

MOTHS.

113

Plate VI.

Fig. 1.

Body. Rather pale red-brown wool.

Wings. The tips of two of the small
feathers, from the outside of
a cock Pheasant's wing. The
under wings are the tips of
two feathers from the inside of
the same wing.

Hackle. Pale red under the wings. No.
9. or 10. hook.

114

MOTHS.

Plate VL

Fig. 2.

Body. Black wool. Bib, with flat silver.

Wings. Two speckled feathers of the
Guinea-fowl, trimmed as shown
infig.2.,PlateVL The under
wings are the tips of two
feathers from under the wing
of the Lark.

Hackle. Dark blue dun. No. 9. or 10.
hook.

MOTHS.

115

Plate YI.

Body.

Wings.

Hackle.

Fig,?.,

Orange and brown mohair in
equal portions.

The tips of two of the shorter
feathers in a hen Pheasant's
tail, the extreme tips beino-
rounded oiF. The under wings
are from the ruff of the Golden
Pheasant.
Speckled ginger. No. 5. or 6.
hook.

H 2

116

MOTHS.

Plate VI.

Fig. 4.

.J

Body. Isabella coloured mohair ; a sort i

of muddy yellowish white.
Wings. From the grey Owl, which is jfi

tinged with very pale orange ;

or any white which is not too

glaring.
Hackle. Black and w^hite speckled. No. 6. |

hook.

MOTHS. 117

Plate VI.

Fig. 5.

Body. The sandy fur from the back of

a young Hare's neck.

Wings. The tips of two feathers from a
Hen which is a ruddy brown.

Hackle. Ginger. No. 9. or 10. hook.

H 3

118 MOTHS.

Though, as I before said, I love not night-
fishing, I have sometimes dibbed successfully
with the smaller of the Moths delineated in
Plate VI., at any part of the day, especially
where bushes prevailed. For this purpose it is
a good bait, the hook being large, and so much
feather about it well disguising it. A tolerably
large hook is an advantage in this mode of
angling, for you will be commonly obliged to
hoist out the fish in a very unceremonious
fashion ; and having it well covered with
feathers is an advantage too, for under bushes
tlie trout comes up so leisurely at the fly, that
he has more time for observation than when
lying in the stream. In swift running water
he rises with great rapidity, seemingly conscious
that, unless he do so, the insect will have
escaped : while in stiller water, where the fly
cannot be so soon carried beyond his ken, his
movements are slow and quiet ; wherefore, in
such cases, the better the hook is disguised, the
greater your chance of succeeding.

PART V,

H 4

121

SALMON-FISHING.

A HEAVY rod, a cable line, treble gut, and a
huge fly ! This would be fine angling for the
giant, whose hook

" was baited with a Dragon's tail,
Who sat upon a rock, and bobbed for whale."

But to us it sounds like coarse loork, — and so it
is ; yet the Salmon is a noble fellow, and when
hooked affords noble sport ; and, what is more,
the tackle, which is comparatively fine, will
raise, and with skill likewise land, more fish
than rougher materials. With the strongest
tackle we do not haul out at once even an
eight or ten pound Salmon. Our material can-
not break, it is true ; but how are we to ensure
the hold which the hook may have taken in the
fish's mouth ? Cleopatra's diver, who stuck the
salted fish on Antony's innocent hook, might
feel quite secure ; but we, who are satisfied to
skim the surface, to rank among the superficials,

122 SALMON-FISHING.

to sport " o'er the glad waters " like any other
ephemeral, must take our chance. Sharp prac-
tice might tear out the hook easily enough ;
where, then, is the advantage of such coarse
stuff? Fish are killed with it, I know ; and fish
are frightened with it too.

I have found it a very useful general rule, to
adopt the finest possible tackle, consistent with
the size or kind of fish for which you angle,
and the place where you are angling. In spots
much embarrassed by bushes and roots, you must
take your chance of hooking a fish with strong
tackle ; and so hold on, like grim Death. But
in free places, you can hardly fish too fine ; I
mean as respects the line and the gut, — not
the fly; for a rough fly will frequently kill
fish, especially Trout, better than a very de-
licate-bodied one.

The only reason I ever heard given in
favour of twisted gut for Salmon-fishing, that
had, even at first sight, the least possible pre-
tensions to practical utility, was this : — In a
rocky river the single gut would be sooner
frayed, and consequently broken, by being

SALMON-FISHING. 123

scraped along the sharp edges of the stones.
But I do not consider even this tenable. Sup-
posing the gut to come often in contact Avith
these stones, which it does not, the very rough-
ness of twisted gut makes it more liable to
fray : how rarely does the gut ever come into
such contact !

Single, moderately thick, and perfect gut ^vill
not only raise morejish, but out-wear the twisted.
Most of the fishing-tackle sellers will tell you
the contrary ; for the simple reasons, that thick
and at the same time very perfect gut is diffi-
cult to procure, and that they can work up
almost any rubbish into twisted casting lines.
If you hooked a few yards of posts and rails,
or half a fathom of park-paling, I should wish
you to have twisted gut, merely to save the
single from such a degrading process. Any-
thing will serve the purpose of dragging out a
fish ; but for sjport, commend me to unsophisti-
cated gut, proportioned in thickness to the
state of the water, and to the size of the fish
you are striving to seduce. What is generally
known as thick Trout gut will kill Salmon of

124 SALMON-FISHING.

almost any size if it has been carefully selected
and tied.

To give a regular list of Salmon flies would
be of trifling or no use to the angler; they
would only form mere fanciful arrangements
of colours, perplexing combinations, difl'erence
without distinction. I have, therefore, only
given two as types of the gaudy flies (figs. 1.
apd 2. Plate VII.), and a few specimens of the
more unpretending kinds, inckiding some of
the Butterfly tribe.

The Trout fisher finds certain flies common
to every river, and a very few only confined to
certain localities. Most of the flies, therefore,
wherein Trout and Grayling delight, being
bred in all rivers, are in all rivers good baits,
merely because they are there to be found.

But in Salmon fly-fishing, where are the
monsters in nature wherewith we tempt the
fish? The Dragon Fly is certainly a gaudy
gentleman, but not numerous, and rarely indeed
seen upon the water.

Our Salmon flies are, with one or two excep-
tions, nothing but children of fancy, arbitrary

SALMON-FISHING. 125

arrangements of feathers, silks, worsteds, furs,
mohairs, and numerous incongruous et cetera.

" The things, we know, are neither rich nor rare,
But wonder how the devil they got there ! "

Whence comes it, then, that the favourite fly
of one river is scouted at another ? Experientia
docet ! cries the learned Pundit, with distended
cheek and corrugated brow ; a gaudy fly kills
best here, and a sober one there. I doubt this
much ; and though my experience in Salmon-
fishing is not so extensive as that of many
others, yet have I killed fish in different rivers
with flies not bearing the most remote resem-
blance to the standard fly of the water ; not
only killed fish, but as many as any one. This
is not intended as a boast, but merely to show
that prejudice in angling is just like prejudice
in anything else, — another phrase for want of
reflection, or idleness of research.

I have seen a practice in some places, parti-
cularly on one of our most beautiful rivers, the
Wye, of using a Blue Dun early in the season,
and orange and yellow with Bittern's wing and

126 SALMON-FISHING.

hackle later. This seems to have resulted from
Trout-fishing, as the Blue Dun or Cockwing
is an early and most admirable fly for Trout or
Grayling ; and though varieties of it are found
all the season, and are among the best, yet, as
the season advances, yellow and orange make
their appearance, and are received witli much
cordiality by their scaly devourers.

But in Salmon-fishing, the flies, soi-disant,
made and used are not more arbitrary than
assigning one colour to the spring, and others
to the summer and autumn.

In some rivers — such as several of the Irish,
for instance, where the water is always turhery,
always discoloured — a gaudy fly is no doubt
preferable, as being more easily detected by
the fish. But, even in such waters, to vary
the colour according to the season is ridiculous ;
for, with very rare exceptions, it is tolerably
certain that Salmon do not rise at the natural
fly. I speak not of old fish, — the fellows that
have spawned, and appear in their dotage, —
for they will take any thing ; but what sports-
man will take them? The good, honest

SALMON-FISHING. 127

Salmon — the new fish, fresh and lusty from
his salt-water bath — is often rising, it is true ;
but, with all the attention I could give, I never
discovered at what he rose ; — a simple case
of amusement, in most instances, I strongly
suspect.

Fish will often strike at anything, apparently
in mere wantonness, that is floatino^ or moving;
along the surface of the water. And when a
Salmon is thus sporting, it is not unlikely that,
on presenting a fly, he will, unless alarmed,
rise at it ; and perhaps the more eagerly, if it
be an unaccustomed object. Even Trout will
sometimes do this ; no matter what the colour,
form, or size. On one occasion I actually saio a
trout taken with a daisy, after having rejected
several flies which had been presented to his
notice. It may be so with Salmon. But
even now, in the middle of the nineteenth
century, we have far too limited a knowledge
of their habits of feeding — marine, as weU as
river — for me to assert this as a fact.

That nothing is ever found in the stomach
of a Salmon, save a small quantity of yellowish

128 SALMON-FISHING.

liquid, seems to place an insuperable barrier in
the discoverer's path. It is just possible, that
a chemical analysis of this liquid might furnish
some hint for our guidance — give some clue to
a knowledge of their epicurean fancies.

One of the received rules for Salmon fly-
fishing may, perhaps, hold good ; — namely,
that a small and sad-coloured fly is to be pre-
ferred in a bright and shallow water ; a large
and gaudy one in discoloured, or very deep
rapid water, or in a blustering day. The
Salmon, like the Grayling, lies at the bottom,
even when prepared to rise; in stormy weather,
therefore, or in discoloured water, he cannot
see a small, dull, unobtrusive fly. In such
cases, large and gaudy is your only chance.

With the exception of the large Moth and
Butterfly tribes, I consider the great perfection
of a Salmon fly to consist in its life-like motion.
I mean, that in moving it through the stream,
by short jerks, the wings shall very visibly
collapse, and suddenly resume the position they
present to the eye when out of water, and dry.
This double motion of the wings looks more
like life than any mere movement of the whole

SALMON-FISHING. 129

bait ; and is to be communicated to the fly by
drawing it quickly toward you for a few inches,
stopping suddenly, and again drawing. This
will not only give motion to the whole mass,
but a seemingly separate motion to the wings ;
— exhibiting, therefore, a more lively appear-
ance of the whole than can be given by any
other means. Fig. 3. Plate VIII. is incom-
parably the best fly with which I am acquainted
for producing this effect; the play of the
Peacock's strands is perfection.

With this fly, Captain Russell has performed
this spring two very remarkable feats. He
has killed with it, and it alone, nine fish, and
raised many more. Nor has he taken a single
Salmon with any other fly, although he has
tried a variety. It is thus proved to be an
admirable bait, and well deserving the name of
" the Captain," which it has, in consequence of
the above, been christened. The other singu-
lar circumstance is this : — One of the Salmon
he took had, when captured, an artificial
March Brown, with a maggot on the hook,
sticking in his jaw ; and to which was attached
nearly three yards of gut, and another small
I

130 SALMON-FISHING.

fly ! The maggot being still on the hook,
proves that it could not have been taken long
before the Salmon caught a Tartar in "the
Captain." Now, had it been an old fish, the
fact might not have seemed so singular ; but
he was a fine, new fish, in famous condition.

As far as my knowledge extends, this is
unprecedented in the history of Salmon Fly-
fishing.

We have a mode of sending out the fly in
quest of Salmon, known, I believe, by the
name of the Welsh Throw. The fly is
brought as near you as the length of line will
admit, by drawing the rod, almost perpen-
dicularly or inclining a trifle, behind you,
either on the right hand or the left — im-
mediately delivering the line before you, while
the fly and several yards of line remain on the
water. The line in this case sweeps along the
water ; and the fly reaches the surface last.

To accomplish this throw, the rod must be
well proportioned to the line. If the rod be
powerful, so must be the line. If the rod be
lighter, the line must be proportionably so;
else to succeed is impossible. And without a

THE WELSH THROW. 131

line made for the express purpose, no man can
accomplish the throw. The line must increase
in thickness from the point for about twenty-
five yards; nearly the last half of these
twenty-five yards being very heavy. The
object of this is, that the weight of the upper
part shall be such, as to force forward the
lighter end, with the gut and fly. The
greatest weight of line being at the point of
the rod, sends out the lighter part, with much
less exertion to the angler than is required for
the usual over-handed throw. And it pos-
sesses another material advantage : that you
can fish those catches or casts from the bank,
which you could not command unless in a
boat; for as the line is never brought behind
you, no rock, tree, or bank impedes the throw.
The fly, too, can be pitched very much farther
by this than by any other means. The
economy of manual exertion, the being enabled
to fish in any cramp place, and the sending out
a greater length of line — surely form a triad
well worthy the Salmon-fisher's notice.
And now for the flies.

132

SALMON-FISHING.

Plate VII.

Body. Flat gold under the tail. Next

a few turns of red floss silk ;
the same quantity of green in
the middle; and the same of
orange toward the head. Rib
with fine flat gold.

Wings. Of Argus Pheasant's bright
spotted tail feather: of Bit-
tern, of Red Macaw, of
Golden Pheasant's ruff*, and
of the Summer Duck, a few
fibres each mixed together.

Hackle. Black over all, with Grouse's
feather under the wing ; and
Jay's over the but of the
wing.

Tail. Two middle sized feathers from

crest of the Golden Pheasant.

SALMON-FISHING.

133

Horns. Two long fibres of the Macaw's
feather, which is red on one
side, and either blue or yellow
on the other.

Head. Greenish Peacock.

Plate VIL

Body. Gold tag under the tail. Bright

green Hog's down for the tail
half, and the brightest yellow
for the other half. Made
rough.

Wings. Two strips, about a dozen fibres
in each, of the rich brown of
the Mallard which hangs over
his wings. Over these fix
two feathers of the Golden
Pheasant's crest, two inches in
length, so as they bend over
toward the hook.

X 3

134 SALMON-FISHING.

Hackle. Plain red, with the mottled buif
feather of the Argus Pheasant
under the wings.

Tail. The breast feather of the crim-

son Crow; on each side of
which a feather from the
breast of the Toucan.

Head. Peacock.

SALMON-FISHIXG,

135

Plate VIIL

Ficj,\.
Body. Dark purple ; with a wide silver

tag.
Wings. Dark mottled brown Turkey;

or dark rich brown speckled

feather of the Mallard.
Hackle. Black over all ; with a Grouse

feather under the wing.
Head. Black Ostrich.

I 4

136

SALMON-FISHING.

Plate YIIL

Ficj.%

Body. Yellow floss silk. Broad gold

tag.

Wings. Bittern's wing feather, two
strips.

Hackle. Bittern.

Tail. Short, of one red and one yellow

feather laid side by side ; or
a single feather from the
Parrot, which combines the
same two colours.

SALMON-FISHING.

137

Plate VIII.

Fig.Z.

Body. Bright red worsted. Rib with

a strand of Black Ostrich, and
rather fine gold alternately.

Wings. From a dozen to twenty strands
of the Peacock's tail feather.
A few of the bright green
strands from the sword feather
of the Peacock may be laid
over them.

Hackle. Brightest Golden Pheasant's
tippet feather under the

Tail. Red and yellow ; same as No. 2.

Plate yill.

138

SALMON-FISHTNG.

Plate IX.

Fig. I,

Body. White or grey worsted chenille.

Wings. Two sets. The upper are the
tips of two white feathers,
so set on as to stand almost
upright. The under are also
the tips of two white feathers,
but finer and smaller than the
others ; lying, too, somewhat
flatter, to show under the first
pair of wings.

Hackle. Yellowish white.

Head. Black.

\N

13

SALMON-FISHING.

139

Plate IX.

Fig.%

Body. The blue roots of the Eabbit's

fur.
Hackle. Blue Dun over the whole body,

thickened toward the head

with a blue feather from the

Heron.
Tail. The point of a small Heron's

feather ; so put on as to bend

over the hook.
Horns. Two shafts of a blue hackle,

with the fibres cut almost, but

not quite, close oiF.

140

SAT/MON-FISHING.

Plate IX.

Fig, 3.

Body. Green floss silk. Rib rather

fine flat gold.

Wings. Two feathers from the rufl" of
the King Bird of Paradise.
To stand upright.

Hackle. From the cock Trogan, which
when looked down upon is a
beautiful green; but in the
water a kind of purple. In
default of this, which is an
expensive feather, a good
black-red. In either case the
hackle must be wrapped over
all.

Head. Black Ostrich.

SALMON-FISHING. 141

Of the foregoing, No. 1. Plate YII., and
No. 3. Plate IX. are very beautiful and ex-
pensive flies, particularly the latter number.
Yet I am satisfied that I could take out No. 3.
Plate VIII., the Captain, made of two sizes,
large and small, according to the state of the
water, and have a better chance of success than
with a book stuffed to repletion with all kinds
of pretty things. Taste is often sacrificed to
show : beauty and expense are neither of them
criterions of excellence. — Verb. sap.

Having come to the conclusion of the fifth

o

part of this little work, the Author may as
well add, that all his contrivances for deluding
the finny race are manufactured and sold by
Mrs. A. Lewis, Fly-maker, Hereford.

142

A FEW HINTS ON ANGLING, FOR THOSE
WHO MAY NOT LIKE TO TRY THE RULES
IN THE PREVIOUS PAGES.

" Encore un peu d' attention,
Et vous allez savoir

tF tF ^ ^ ^

Mais pretez bien I'oreille, a ce que je vais dire."

MOLIERE.

1.

Ever be found fishing at dusk; the darker
the tinge of dusk, the better. You will most
likely kill some fish ; and should you not arrive
at that desideratum, your line will amply com-
pensate you for the disappointment. It cannot
fail to make you merry ; for it will assume as
many intricate twistings and contortions, in
ten minutes, as the face of Liston, in his
broadest farce, during an hour and a half.
Just fancy an hour and a half's risibility com-

A FEW HINTS ON ANGLING. 143

pressed into a few inches of gut ! AVho would
not fish in the dark ? — To the skill requh-ed in
night-fishing, an acquaintance of the Author's
bore ample testimony. He stuck a lump of
bacon on a large hook ; and at eleven o'clock,
one night, took therewith a brace of Trout.

Be at the river by, or before, day-break.
Should not the fish rise, the sun probably may ;
and it is often a glorious sight. Besides, there is
another advantage in this, to those who follow
you after breakfast ; — you will have brushed
off the dew for the benefit of the lazy ones,
should the sun not have been in the humour to
bottle it for his rain-cellar. And then the
gross vapours, or imperfect condensations of
the air, as Lord Bacon calls them — the fog
which usually hovers over the stream during
the small hours — must prove a pleasing variety
to the lungs. By the way, it is not improbable
t but that one of the great attractions of this
m very early fishing in fog is the well-known
K fact, that though objects appear further off

L

144 A FEW HINTS

when viewed through its medium than when
seen through the common air, they at the same
time assume more gigantic proportions. As
the early bird, perhaps, during the foggy hours,
fancies he is going to sw^allow a fine beetle,
which, however, turns out to be only a poor
ant, — so the early fisher, deluded by the mag-
nifying vapour, sees nothing but the real patri-
archs of the stream in the half-pounders ; and
returns to breakfast, brimfull of marvellous
tales of magnificent fish — thanks to a foggy
atmosphere, and intellect to correspond.

If your penchant incline toward glittering
chains and bright clothing, do not think of
staying at home, and sitting before a looking-
glass, or of parading the streets for the delight
of milliners' apprentices. No ; — remember.
Narcissus converted water into a mirror ; so
may you : at all events, you will have the
felicity of so dazzling the fish, that, in admiration
of your finery, they will never be able to cast a
single glance at your bait.

ON ANGLING. 145

Always fly-fish energetically and perse-
veringly when you do not see a rise ; for great
will be your chance of hooking — a weed,
which, unlike certain other weeds, may not end
in mere smoke.

5.

In Minnow -fishing, a short line being gene-
rally used, always throw down stream; for,
when a Trout darts from his concealment
under bank, stump, stone, or weed, he will
then have a good view of you, and, satisfy-
ing his curiosity in this respect, he will take
especial care not to gratify yours by any nearer
acquaintance with him, but will quietly return
whence he came.

6.

Never examine your hook after taking a fish ;
for should the point be broken or blunted, it
might occasion you the trouble and incon-

K

146 A FEW HINTS

venience of changing it : and, after having had
a tolerable number of rises at the imperfect
hook, seek out your friends, and complain that
"really the fish rise uncommon short to-day."
Neither pry too closely into the condition of
your gut, after having used it for some time
— nor on a windy day — nor after hooking
weeds, trees, and such-like vegetable matters.
If you do, you will be sure to find it knotted,
twisted, frayed, or in some unaccountable pre-
dicament, which will not increase your pleasure
or happiness one iota.

" Where ignorance is bliss, 'tis folly to be wise."

A Grayling never rises at a fly till it has
passed o^^er or close by him. He then shoots
with extraordinary rapidity upwards, but back-
ivards, and thus secures the insect. (His upper
lip, projecting considerably over his under, in-
capacitates him from taking the fly while before
him, as the Trout does. Were he to try this
experiment, his protruding upper lip would but

ON ANGLING. 147

serve to push it away.) How many men, with
the Grayling's snout, lack the Grayling's instinct!

— seeking, by means unsuited to their capa-
cities ; whereas, though they could never have
been shining lights in their generation, they
might have passed for very respectable jack-
o'-lanterns, had they but applied the fable of
the Frog and the Ox to their own cases.
With this knowledge — of the fish, not the men,

— always draw your fly against the stream;
they cannot fail to see it ; and if they do not
take it, of course the fault must be either theirs
or Nature's. How can you help that ?

A Trout rather advances to meet the fly, than
retreats from it, before his rise. It is therefore
obvious that you must throw plenty of line
over him; so that, when the fly does make
its tardy appearance, he shall have had ample
time to put on his spectacles, and to ascertain
the fact of something wrong. He then, very
quietly, wags his tail, and allows the curiosity
to go on its own way in peace.

148 A TEW HINTS

9.

When the weeds are well up, fail not to put
on, at the least, three flies ; you may thus have
a good opportunity to catch — a Tartar; for,
should a fish take your highest drop-fly, — in
fact, any of the three, — there is a very pretty
chance that one or both the others will become
entangled in the weeds, and the fish make his
escape; the casting line being very likely to
follow the example. This rule equally holds
good in night angling. The three flies being
more liable than only one to enter into all
kinds of perplexing embarrassments, your
amusement in the art of re-arrangement will
be proportionably prolonged.

10.

When not using your rod, by the river-side,
never stick it upright, but always lay it down.
You can then take your quarter-deck pro-
menade, extending it occasionally, cigar in

ON ANGLING. 149

mouth ; when you will, most probably, unless
very unlucky, contrive to tread upon it, per-
chance breaking one of the joints. There's a
break for you ! not only in the rod, but in the
monotony of the day ! You ought to send me
a very handsome present, were it only for this
single " Practical Hint and Dainty Device."

11,

Always ^' play " a fish well where there are
plenty of weeds or roots. It is quite amusing
to see a fine Trout dash into a heavy bed of
weeds ; and your wonder will be very consider-
ably increased if you ever see him come out

12.

It is advisable to enter into such compact
with the sun, that he should be always behind
you. Two reasons bear sufficient testimony to
the soundness of this doctrine : — the sun in

K 3

150 A FEW HINTS

our eyes is unpleasing ; and when he is behind
us, we are enabled to fish in the shade pro-
jected by our own persons over the water — and
what angler can deny that a shaded place is
\eiy Jishi/ ?

13.

The practice of winding a wet casting-line
round your hat is highly commendable ; for, in
the process of drying, the sun will cover the
gut with a number of bright specks, which
sparkle very attractively ; and as Trout love a
little glitter, you will thus be enabled to pre-
sent them with a tolerably good dose of it.
The flies, with which the hat should be always
ornamented, denote your pursuit ; like the
cockle shells, similarly worn by the Pilgrim
from Holy Land in days gone by.

14.

The sagacity of the dog is too well known to
need any encomiums from me. I may, how-

ON ANGLING. 151

ever, venture upon an illustration. Always
take one or two of your canine favourites with
you to the river, and you will find them ever
showing their acuteness by hunting rats, swim-
ming after water-fowl, galloping about close
to the edge of the river, entangling your flies
about their legs, and then starting off, tail on
end, in the highest glee, with divers other
pranks of a like amusing nature. All this
plainly shows that they are fully conscious
you were not at the water for angling pur-
poses ; but wholly and solely for their particular
and especial amusement. Should you even
happen to speak harshly to them, they only
look up at you, wag their tails, and, consider-
ing your rough tones part of the fun, plunge
headlong into the stream, driving the fish about
in the most admired confusion. I once, how-
ever, saw a dog that had been trained to do
duty for a landing net. When a fish had been
hooked, he would, on a sign from his master,
leap in, lay hold of it by the middle, and bring
it safe to shore.

K 4

152 A FEW HINTS

15.

Avoid a dull and a damp day. The dull,
sounds stupid ; and the damj), aguish.

16.

I can strongly recommend, for the exercise
of your art, the Irishman's " likely stream."
A 2;entleman once saw an Irishman floo:2:ino^
the water, with great perseverance, but with-
out correspondent success ; and, after standing
for some time in admiration of the artist's
practice, observed, —

" A likely stream, sir ; as likely a stream as
I ever saw."

Whereupon, Pat, looking up with that hu-
morous expression which only twinkles in an
Irishman's eye, replied, —

" Ah, sure now, an' ye may say that same ;
an' so well do the Jish like it, bad 'cess to 'em !
the divil a one can I git out of it, any way ! "

" Then why don't you try the little brook
that falls in just below ? "

ON ANGLING. 153

" An' is it fun ye're afther poking at me ?
Be me sowl ! an' that sthrame's jist like a No-
vember day."

" A November day ! a November day !
What's that?"

" Short an' dirthy, sure ! "

To such streams as these, I call your very
particular attention ; for you will there have
very excellent practice in throwing.

And now, brother angler, fare thee well till
our next merry meeting. May sport attend
thee ! only bear in mind, that should that sport
prove, as Hudibras sings,

" An Ignis Fatuus that bewitches,
And leads men into pools and ditches^''

why it may so happen, that thou shalt

Not only soak thj hose and breeches,
But catch, instead of fish, some — leeches !

154

ANGLER'S SONG.

^Pardon me — humanum est errare."

Every Man in his Humour.

Ye lovers of angling,

And haters of wrangling.
Come hither, and list to my lay ;

I sing of a sport.

Which the wise will court.
Till King Death lay claim to their clay.

II.

The rod that I wave.

Is no pedagogue's slave.
The dunce may survey it with smiles ;

For no horrid pickle.

To add to its tickle,
Its round, polish'd surface defiles.

angler's song. 155

III.

To cast the light fly

O'er streams, is a joy
Unknown to that creature, the Book-worm

He glories in nought

Save another's thought,
I glory in being a Hook-worm.

IV.

Old Euclid may shine

In angles divine.
And prattle of A B C D ;

My angle, however.

If angular, never
Would be a right angle for me.

V.

Of Castalian stream

The poet may dream.
And fancy he 's nabb'd a bright thought ;

But enough for me.

Is a stream that's free.
Where the speckled Trout may be caught.

156 angler's song.

VI.

Lines of verse, 'tis said,
Proceed from the head,

And the mental palate regale ;
Then what can exceed
The poet's bright deed ? —

Lines of hair, from a horse's tail.

VII.

By hook or by crook,

Some cunningly look
To win both the loaves and the fishes ;

But the angler wanders.

As the stream meanders.
And there centre his honest wishes.

VIII.

Perchance at college.
In search of knowledge,

Tom shone a dandified dangler,
Cajoling with pun,
Old Don and young Dun, —

He may still be — Senior Angler !

angler's song. 157

IX.

Hurra ! then, hurra !
For the angler 's gay.
And wends to the brook with his tackle ;

He laughs at all evil,

Throws care to the Devil,
And shakes off the world's ev'ry shackle.

THE END.

I

London :

Spottisvvoodes and Shaw,

New-Street-Square.

NEW WORKS

In miscellaneous and GENERAL LITERATURE,

PUBLISHED BY

Messrs. LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS,

PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.

CLASSIFIED INDEX.

AGRICULTURE & RURAL AFFAIRS.

Pages

Bayldonon ValuiiigRents, etc. - - 6

Crocker's Land Surveying -, - - 9

Johnson's V'armer's Encyclopaedia - - 15

Loudon's Kncvclopiedia of Agriculture - 18

,, Self-Instruction for Farmers, etc. 18

,, (Mrs.) Ladv'sCountry Companion 18

Low's Breeds of tlie DomesticatedAuimals 19

,, Elements of Agriculture - - 19

On Landed Property - - - 19

., On ttie Domesticated Animals • 19

ParnellonRo«ls 24

Stewart on Tr aisfer of Landed Property 29
Thomson on Fattening Cattle, etc. - 30

ARTS, MANUFACTURES, AND
ARCHITECTURE.

Ballon the Manufacture of Tea - - 6
Brande's Dictionarv of Science, etc. - 7
Budge's Miner's Guide ' ' ' ' I
Cartoons (The Prize) - - . " " °

Cresy'sEucvcl. of Civil Engineering - 9
D'Agiiconrt's History of .'Vrt - - - ^
Dresden Gallery - - - - -
Eastlake on Oil Painting - - -

Evans's Sugar Planter's Manual -
Ferirusson on Beauty in the Arts
Gwilt's Encyclopicdia of Architecture -
Haydon's Lectures on Painting & Design
Holland's -Manufactures in Metal
Jameson's S:i'-red and Legendary Art -
London's Rural Architecture -
Moseley's Engineering and Architecture

Parnell'on Boads '-'^

Porter's Manufacture of Silk - - " ,'
,, Porcelain & Glass \7

Reid'(Dr.) on Warming and Ventilating ^5
Rohner's Musical Composition - - 26

Steam Kn;;ine (The) , by the .Artisan Club o
lire's Dictionary of Arts, etc. - - 31
Wood on Railroads ----- 32

BIOGRAPHY.

Andersen's (H. C.) Autobiography - 5

Bell's Lives ol the Rritish Poets - - 17

Collins's Life of Collins ... - 8

Dunham's Karlv Writers of Britain - 17

,, Livts of the British Dramatists 17

Forster's Statesmen of the Commonwealth 17

LiteofJebb - ... 17

Foss's Judges of England - - - 11

(ileig's British Military Commanders - 17

Gra^it (Mrs.) Memoir and Correspondence 12

Humphreys's Black Prince - - - 14

James's Life of the Black Prince - - 15

,, Eminent Foreign Statesmea - 17
Kindersley's De Bayard . - • -15

Leslie's Life of ('(instable - - - 16

Mackintosh's Life of Sir T. More - - 20

Maunder's Biographical'l're-isury - - 21

Iloscoe's LivesofEminent BritishLawyers 17

Pages

Rowton's British Poetesses - - - 26

Russell's Bedford Correspondence - 6

Shelley's Literary Men of Italy, etc. - 17

,, Eminent French Writers • 17

Southey's Lives of the British Admirals - 17

„ Life of Wesley - - - - 29

,, Life and Correspondence - 29

Taylor's Loyola -30

Townsend's Tu-elve eminent Judges - 31

W'aterton's Autobiography and Essays - 32

BOOKS OF GENERAL UTILITY.

Acton's (Eliza) Cookery Book - - 5

Black's Treatise on Brewing - . - 6

Cabinet Lawyer (The) - . - - 7

Donovan's Domestic Economy - - 17

Foster's Hand book of Literatnre - - H

Hints on Etiquette .... 13

Hudson's Executor's fiuide - - .15

On Making Wrlls . . - 15

Loudon's Self Instruction - . - 18

,, (Mrs.) Amateur Gardener - 18

Maunder's Treasury ol Knowledge - - 21

,, Scientificand LiteraryTreasury 21

,, Treasury of History - - 21

,, BiographicalTreasury • - 21

,, Natural History - • - 22

Parkes's Domestic Duties - - - 24

Pocket and the Stud - - - - 25

Pycroft's Course o( English Reading - 25

,. Collegian's Guide - - - 25

Reader's Time Tables - - - - 25

Rich's Companion to the Latin Dictionary 25

Riddle's Eng.-Lat. and Lat.-Ensf. Diet. - 26

Robinson's .Art of Curing, Pickling, etc. 26

„ Art of Making British Wines, 26

Rowton's Debater - - - - - 26

Short Whist 27

Suitor's Inbtrnctor (The) - - - 29

Thomson's Management of Sick Room - 30

,, Interest Tables - - - 30

Webster's Encycl. of Domestic Economy .^2

Zumpt's Latin Grammar - - - - 32

BOTANY AND GARDENING.

Ball on the Cultivation of Tea - - 5

Callcocfs Scripture Herbal - . - 8

Conversations on Botany - - - 8

Drummond on Natural Systems - - 10

Evans's Sugar Planter's Manual - - 11

Henslow's Botany - - - - - 17

Hoare On the Grape Vine on Open Walls 13

,, On the Boots of Vines ... 13

Hooker's British Flora - - - - Ki

,, Guide to Kew Gardens - - 13

Lindley'sTheory of Horticulture . . IS

,, Orcl.:.>-d and Kitchen Garden - IS

,, intTdu;tion to Botany - -16

,, Sy opsii of British Flora . - 16

Loudon's F< rtus IJritannicus - . -19

,, Hortus Lignusus Londinensis . 19

„ Entyclopa;diaotTrees& Shrubs 18

,, ,, Gardening - 18

Loudon: Printed by M AIa^on, Ivy Lane, Paternobter Kow.

CLASSIFIED INDEX

Loudon's Entyclof

Pai;es

ia of Plants - 18

,, Suburban Oardeiier - . 19

,, Sflf-liistruution for Gardeners 18

,, (Mr.) Amateur Gardener - - 18

Repton's Landscape Gardening, etc. • 25

llivers's Rose Amateur's Guide - - 26

Rogers's Vegetable Cultivator - • - 26

CHRONOLOGY.

Blair's Chronoloi(ii:al Tables - - • 6

Bosauquet's Chrunoloffy of Ezra, etc. - 6

Bunseu's Ancient Kyypt - - - 7

Nicolas's Chrouidog^y of History - 17

Riddle'sEcclesiastical Chronology - - 26

COMWIERCE AND MERCANTILE
AFFAIRS.

Banfield and Weld's Statistics - - 5

Gray on Money . - - • - - 12

M'CuUoch's Dictionary of Commerce - 20

Readers Time Tables - - - - 25

Steel's Shipmaster's Assistant - - - 29

Thomson's Tables of Interest - - - 30

VValford's Customs' Laws - - - 31

L'orery

GEOGRAPHY AND ATLASES.

Butler's Ancient and Modern Geography
,, Atlas of Modern Geography
,, ,, Ancient Geographv

,, ,, General Geography

De Str-zelecki's New South Wales -
Erman's Travels through Siberia
Forster's Historiciil (ieography of Ai-abia
Hall's Large General Atlas
M'CuUoch's Geographical Dictionary
Mitihell's Australian Kxpedition
Murray's Knc>clop<edia of Geot;raphy
Parrot's Ascent of Mount Ararat

HISTORY AND CRITICISM.

Bell's History of Russia -

Blair's Chron. and Historical Tables

Bloomiield's Translation of Thucvdides

Edition ot Thucydides' -
Bnnsen's Ancient Kgypt
Conybeare and Howsoii's St. Paul -
Cooley's Maritime and Inland Di
Crowe's Historv of France
De Sismondi's Fall of the Roman Empire

,, Italian Republics

Dunham's History of Spain and Portugal
,, Europe in the Middle Ages
,, History of the (Jerman Empire
,, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway
,, History of Poland -
Dunlop's History of Fiction
Eastlake's History of Oil Painting
Ecch'ston's English Antiquities
Foss's Judges of England - . _

Foster's European Literature -
Fergus's United States of America
Gibbon's Roman Empire - - - -
Grant (Mrs ) Memoir and Corespondence
Grattan's History of Netherlands
Grimblot's William 111. and Louis XIV.
Harrison On the English Language
Haydon's Lectures on Paintingaud Design
Historical Pictures of the Middle Ages -
Humphreys's Black Prince
Jeffrey's ^Lord') Contributions
Keightley's Outlines of History
Kemble's Anglo-Saxons in E?igland
Laing's Kings of Norway - - _
Lindo's.Iews of Spain anil Portugal-
Macaulay's Essays - ...

„ History of England

Church History
Stephen's Essays . . -
Switzerland, History of -
Sydney Smith's Works -
Taylor's Loyola

ThirLcall's History of Greece •
Tooke's Histories of Prices
Turner's History of Kngland .
Welsford's Mitliridates -
Zumpt's Latin Grammar -

Pages
Mackintosh's History of England • - 17
,, Miscellaneous Works . 20
M'CuUoch's Dictionary, Historical, Geo-
graphical, and Statistical - - 20
Maunaer's Treasury of History • - 21
Milner's Church History - - - 22
Moore's History of Ireland - - 17
Mosheim's Ecclesiastical History - - 23
Mure's Ancient Greece - - - 23
Nicolas's Chronology ot History - - 17
Passages from Modern History - - 28
Ranke's History of the Reformation - 25
Rich's Companion to the Latin Dictionary 25
Riddle's Latin Dictionaries - - - 26

Rome. History of 17

Rowton's British Poetesses - . - 26

Russell's Bedford Correspondence - 6

Scott's History of Scotland - - - 1"

Sedgwick's France - - - . - 2J

Sirjnett's Byways of History - - - 28

Southey's Doctor, etc. - - - 29

Stebbing's History of the Christian Church 17

JUVENILE BOOKS.

Amy Herbert ----- . 5

Callcott's Home among Strangers - _ 8

Gertrude - 12

Gower's Scientific Phenomena - - 12

Howitt's Boy's Country Book - . _ H

„ Children's Year ... 14

Laneton Parsonage - - - - - 16

Mackintosh's Life of Sir T. More - - 20
Marcet s Coovei sations—

On Chemistry 20

On Natural Philosophy . • - 20

On Political Economy . - - 20

On Vegetable Physiology . - - 21

Oil Land and Water - - - - 21

Marryat's Masterman Heady • - - 21

,, Privateer's-Man . . - 21

,, Settlers in Canada . - .21

,, Mission; or, Scenes in Africa 21

Passages from Modern History - - 28

Pycroft's Course of English Reading - 25

Twelve 'STears Ago - - ... 31

MEDICINE.

Bull's Hints to Mothers

„ Management of Children
Copland's Dictionary of Medicine
EUiotson's Human Physiolot;y
Holland's Medical Notes -
Latham On Diseases of the Heart
Pereira Oil Foo'l and Diet
Thomson On Food - - -

MISCELLANEOUS.

Barnes's Electoral Lavy of Belgium
Cartoons (The Prize)

Colt.,irs l^acoii

De Jaenisch On Chess Openings
De la (iravifere s Last Naval War -
De Morgan On Probabilities -
De Strzelecki's New South Wales -
Dresden (iallery - - - -
Dunlop's History of Fiction

TO Messes. LONGMAN and Co.'s CATALOGUE.

Pages

Field Oil Prison Discipline - - - 11

Gardiner's Sights in Italy . - - 11

Gower's Scientific Phenomena - - 12

Graham's English - - - • - 12

Grant's Letters from the Mountains - 12

Hooker's KewGnide - - - - 13

Howitt's Rural Life of England - - 14

,, Visits to Remarkahle Places - 14

„ Student Lite of Germany - 14

,, Rural xnd Social Life of Germany 14

,, Colonisation and Christianity - 14

Jeffrey's (Lord) Contrilmtions - - l-i

I/Oudon's(Mrs.) Lady's Country Companion 18

Macaulav's I'ritical and Historical Essays 19

Mackintosh's 'Sir J.) iMiscellaneous Wo
Maitland's Church in the Catacombs
Necker OeSanssure's ou Education
Pascal's Jlisiellaneous Writings
Plunkett On the Navy - _ -
Pycroft's Collegian's Guide

,, Course of English Reading
Remembrance of Bouchurih -
Rich's Companion to the Latin Dictionary 25
Richter's Levaiia - - - - 26

Riddle's Latin Diftionaries - - - 26
Rohner's Musical Composition - - 26

Rowton's Debater _ . - _ _ 26
Sandford's Parochialia - - - - 26

rks20
20
23

2-5

Seaward 's Xarrativeof his Shipwrec
Southey's Common Place Book

„ Doctor, etc.
Suitor's Instructor (The)
Sydney -Smith's Works
Tliomson on Food of Animals, etc
Walker's Chess Studies -
Welsford's Mithridates -
Willoughhy's (Lady) Diary
Zumpt's Latin Grammar -

- 2/

- 29

- 29

- 29

- 28
. 30

- 32

- 32

- 32

- 32

NATURAL HISTORY IN GENERAL.

Callow's Popular Conchologv ... 8

Doubleday's Butterflies and Moths - 10

Gray and Mitchell's Orniihology - - 12

_,, ,, Accipitres - - 12

Kirby and Spence's Entomology • - 15

Lee's Taxidermy - - - - 16

,, Elements of Natural History - - 16

Maunder's Treasurv of Natural History 22

Stephens' British Beetles - - - 29

Swainson on the Study of Natural History 17

,, Animals - - - - ij

,, Quadrupeds . - . . I7

,, Birds - - - _ . 17

,, Animals in Menageries - 17,

,, Fish, Amphibia, and Reptiles 17

,, Insects - - - - 17

,, Malacology - - - - 17

,, Habits anil Instincts - - 17

,, Taxidermy - - . - 17

Tarton'sShellsof the Britishlslands - 31

Waterton's Essavs on Natural History - 32

Westwood's Classification of Insects - 32

NOVELS AND WORKS OF FICTION.

Callcott's Home among Strang
Dunlop's Historv of Fiction
H^.U's Midsunuiier Eve
Lady Willoughby's Diary
Lander's Fountain of Arethusa
Madame De Malguet
Marryat's .Mastermaii Ready
„ Privateers-Man
,, Settlers in Canada -
,, Mission ; or, Scenes i
Senior's Charles Vernon -
Southey's Doctor, etc.
Twelve Years Ago -

.

.

10

-

12

-

-

32

.

.

Ifi

.

.

20

-

-

21

.

-

21

_

21

n Africa

-

21

-

27

ONE VOLUME ENCYCLOP/tDIAS
AND DICTIONARIES.

Pages

Bl.-iine's,of Rural Sports - - - - 6

Branrie's, of Science, Literature, and Art 7

Copland's, ot Medicine - - - - 8

Cre-iv's, of Civil Engineering - - - 9

Gwilt's, of Architecture - - - - 12

Johnson's Firmer - - - - - 15

Loudon's, of Trees and Shrubs - - IS

,, of Gardening - - - - 13

,, of .Agriculture • - - - 18

„ ofF'lants 18

,, of Rural .Architecture - - IS

M'Culloch's (ieoar^-.phical Dictionary - 2(1.

,, Dictionaiy of Commerce - 20

Murray's Encyclopa>dia of Geotrraphy - 23

Ure's Arts, Manufactures, and Mines - 31

Webster's Domestic Economy - - 32

POETRY AND THE DRAMA.

Aikin's (Dr.) British Poets - - - 27

Chalenor's Walter Gray - - - - 8

Flowers and their Kindred Thoughts - 1 1

Goldsmith's Poems, illustrated - - 12

Gray's Elegy, illuminated - - - 12

L. E. L.'s Poetical Works - - - 16

Linwood's .Anthologia Oxoniensis • - 18

Macaulav's Lavs of Ancient Rome - - 19

Mackav'sEn.livh Lakes - - - - 20

Montgomery'^ Poetical Works - - 22

Moore's Irish Melodies - - - 22 & 23

„ Lalla Rnokh .... 2'2

,, Poetical Works - - - - 22

Rowton's British Poetesses - - - 26

Shakspear", by Bowdler ... ^7

Songs. .Mad ria:als, and Sonnets - - 28

Southey's Poetical Works - • - 29

,, British Poets - . . - 27

Thomson's Reasons, illustrated - - ■'iO

,, with Notes, by Dr. A.T.Thomson 30

POLITICAL ECONOMY AND
STATISTICS.

Banfield and U'eld's Statistirs ' -
Barnes's Electoral Laws of Belgium
Gray's Lectures on Money
MTuUoch's Geographical, Statistifal,aud

Historical Dictionary
M'Culloch's Dictionary of Commerce

,, Literature of Polit. Economy

,, On Succession to Property
,, On Taxation and Kundin?
,, Statistics of the British Empire
Marcpt's Conversations on Polit. Economy
Tooke's Histories of Prices - - -
Twiss's (Dr.) View of Political Economy

RELIGIOUS AND N:0RAL
V^ORKS, ETC.

Amy Herber', edited by Rev. W Sewell
Barrett's Old Testament Criticisms -
Bloomfield's Greek Testament

,, Colleue and School ditto -

,, Lexicon to (ireek Testament

Bunsen's Church of the Future
Burder's Oriental Customs
Burns's Christian Philosophy _ . .
,, Christian Fragments _ - -
Callcott's Scripture Herbal
Conybeare and Howson's St. Paul -
Cooper's Sermons - - - . .

Coquerel's Christianity . - - -
Dale's Domestic Liturgy ...

Dibdin's Sunday Library ....

IS-

CLASSIFIED INDEX.

Pages

Discipline - - - - * " i),

Efclesiastes (illuminated) - - - 10

Knglishuian's Hebrew Concordance - 10

„ Greek Concordance • lO

Ethcridije's Acts and Epistles - - H

Forster's Historical Geography of Arabia 11

,, Life of liishop Jebb -
From Oxford to Rome - - - -
Gertrude, edited bv the Rev. W. Sewell -
Hook's (Dr.) Leitures on Passion Week
Home's I ntroduction to the Scriptures -

„ Compendium of ditto
Jameson's Sacred and Legendary Art -
Jebb's Correspondence with Knox -

,, Translation of the Psalms -
Kip's Christmas in Rome . - -

Knox's (Alexander) Remains - - -
l.aneton Parsonage - - -
Letters to my Unknown Friends
Maitlaiid's Church in the Catacombs
Jlargaret Percival . - - - -
Maxims, etc of the Saviour -
Milner's Church History -
Miracles (if Our Saviour . - -

Moore on the Power of the Soul -

„ on the Use of the Body

„ on Man and his Motives
Morell's Philosophy of Religion
Mosheim's Ecclesiastical History -
Nellie's Closing Scene - - - -
Parables of Our Lord . . _ .
Parkes's Domestic Duties . . -

Pascal's Letters, by Pearce . . -
Pitman's Sermons on the Psalras
Ranke's fieformation . - - .
Rest in the Church - - - - -
Riddle's Letters from a Godfather -
Sandford On Female Improvement -

„ On Woman . . - -

,, 's Parochialia . - - -

Sermon on the Mount (The) - - -

Shunammile (The Good) -

Sinclair's Journey of Life _ - .

,, business of Life ...

Sketches (The)

Smith's (G.) Perilous Times - - -

,, Religion of Ancient Britain

„ Sacred Annals -

(J.) St. Paul's Shipwreck -
Soames's Latin Church . - . .
Solomon's Song (illuminated) -
Southey's Life of Wesley . - .

Stebbing's (;hristian Church - - .
,, Reformation - - - .

Stephen's Church of Scotland
Svdney Smith's Sermons
Tate's History of St. Paul
Tayler's (Rev. C. B.) Margaret

,, ,. Lady Mary-

Taylor's (Jeremy) Works

., (Isaac) Loyola
Tomline's Introduction to the Bible
Turner's Sacred History
Twelve Years Ago - - - - .
Walker's Rlementa Liturgica . - -
Wardlaw On the Socinian Controversy •
Wilberforce's View of Christianity
AVillDUglihv's (Lady) Diary
Wilson'sLandsof the Bible -
Wisdom of Johnson's Rambler, etc.
Woodward's Sermons and Essays -

RURAL SPORTS.

Blaine's Dictionary of Sports - - - 6

Ephemera on Angling - - - - 10

Hawbuck Grange - - , _ . 13

Pages
Hawker's Instructions to Sportsmen - Ki
Jones's Norway Salmon Fisher - - IS
Loudon's (Mrs.) Lady's Country Companion Is
Pocket and the Stud - - - - -5

Stable Talk and Table Talk - - - '2'J

THE SCIENCES IN GENERAL,
AND MATHEMATICS.

Baker's Railway Engineering -
Brande's Dictionary of Science, etc.
Brewster's Optics . - . - -
Cotiversations on Mineralogy
Dela Beche on theGeology of Cornwall, etc.
Donovan's Chemistry . _ _ .
Farey on the Steam Engine - - -
Fnshroke on the Arts of the Ancients -
Gower's Scientific Phenomena
Herschel's Natural Philosopliy

,, Astronomy . - _ .

Holland's Manufactures in Metal -
Humboldt's Cosmos . . - -
Hunt's Researches on Light - . -
Kater and Lardner's Mechanics
Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopa>ditt

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,, and Walker's Electricity
,, Arithmetic - . - _

,, Geometry . - . _

,, Treatise on Heat _ . -
Low's Chemistry - _ _ . .
Marcet's Conversations on the Sciences 20,
Matteucci On Physical Phenomena -
Memoirs of the Geological Survey -
Moseley's Practical Mechanics

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Owen's Comparative Anatomy - - 23 &
Peschel's Physics . . - - -
Phillips's PalieozoicFossilsof Cornwall, etc.
,, Mineralogy, by Prof. Miller
,, Treatise on Geology . - -
Portlock's Geology of Londonderry
Powell's Natural Philosophy - - .
Ritchie (Robert) on Railways
Steam Emjine (Ure), by the Artisan Club
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Costello's (Miss) North Wales - - 8

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,, Pacific ----- 9

De Strzelecki's New South Wales - - 9

Dunlop's Central America - - - lO

Erman's Travels through Siberia - - 10

Gardiner's Sights in Italy - - - 11

Jones's Norway Guide - - - - 15

Kip's Holydays in Rome - - - 15

Laiug's Tour in Sweden . _ - 16

Mackay's English Lakes - ■> - 20

Marryat's Borneo ----- 21

Mitchell's Expedition into Australia - 22

Nozrani in Egypt and Syria - - - 23

Parrot's .Ascent of Mount Ararat - - 24

Seaward's Narrative of his Shipwreck - 27

Von Orlich's Travels in India - - 31

Wilson's Travels in the Holy Land - 32

VETERINARY MEDICINE

Pocket and the Stud - - - - 25

Stable Talk and Table Talk - - - 29

Thomson on Fattening; Cattle - - 30

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12 NEW WORKS AND NEW EDITIONS

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GRANT (MRS.)-LETTERS FROM THE MOUNTAINS.

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HOOK (DR. W. F.)-THE LAST DAYS OF OUR LORD'S MINISTRY;

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14 XEW WORKS AND NEW EDITIONS

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HUNT.-RESEARCHES ON LIGHT:

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JAMES.-.A HISTORY OF THE LIFE OF EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE,

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KINDERSLEY.— THE VERY JOYOUS, PLEASANT, AND REFRESHING

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16 NEW WORKS AND NEW EDITIONS

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[February 28, 1849.

London i Printed by M. Mason, Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.